[143] It was the largest refugee population in the world at the time,[144] which had a heavy impact on Pakistan. Celebrations were held on the 70th anniversary of Indian Partition / EPA. In recent history, Pakistan has been inextricably linked in the world's view with the extremist movement of al Qaeda and with the … More than 4,000 years ago people in what is now Pakistan built great cities in the valley of the Indus River. 2. Ancient history Indus Valley civilization. [85] Suhrawardy's efforts led to an American training program for the country's armed forces which met with great opposition in East Pakistan. In 1976, during a secret mission, Henry Kissinger threatened Bhutto and his colleagues. The provincial... October 1947 – January 1949: . On 12 May 2000 the Supreme Court ordered the Government to hold general elections by 12 October 2002. [125] This crash project led to a secret sub-critical testings, Kirana-I and Test Kahuta, in 1983. [99] Controversially, the East Pakistani Army did not interfere in the conflict and this caused anger in West Pakistan against East Pakistan. In this volume, Aziz sets out to correct the injustice that has been committed in Pakistan ever since its creation, and still continues. 1526 - The Mughal Empire is established by Turkish Islam leader Babur. is CIA World Factbook. Bengali leader, Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin succeeded as the governor general of Pakistan. [104] By the end of 1968, Khan presented the Agartala Case which led to the arrests of many Awami League leaders, but was forced to withdraw it after a serious uprising in East Pakistan. Many economists and think tanks suggested that until 2030 Pakistan become Asian Tiger and CPEC will play an important role in it. In a vote of confidence in January 2004, Musharraf won 658 out of 1,170 votes in the electoral college, and was elected President. [160][178][179] The political situation became more chaotic when lawyers launched a protest against this action and were arrested. [177], With Aziz completing his term, the liberal alliance now led by Musharraf was further weakened after General Musharraf proclaimed a state of emergency and sacked the Chief Justice Iftikhar Chaudhry along with the other 14 judges of the Supreme Court, on 3 November 2007. [88], General Ayub Khan was Chief Martial Law Administrator, with authority throughout the country. In the Afghan-Soviet War, it supported the Sunni Mujahideens and played a vital role in the defeat of Soviet Forces and forced them to withdraw from Afghanistan. Her foreign policy made an effort to balance relations with Iran, the United States, the European Union and the socialist states. is United Nations. [122] The Constitution declared Pakistan an Islamic Republic and Islam the state religion. [183][184] Nawaz Sharif filed his nomination papers for two seats in the forthcoming elections whilst Benazir Bhutto filed for three seats including one of the reserved seats for women. Pakistan faced a civil war and Indian military intervention in 1971 resulting in the secession of East Pakistan as the new country of Bangladesh. The creation of Pakistan was catalyst to the largest demographic movement in recorded history. Despite her tough policies, the popularity of Benazir Bhutto waned after her husband allegedly became involved in the controversial death of Murtaza Bhutto. [127] He established separate shariat judicial courts[128] and court benches[129][130] to judge legal cases using Islamic doctrine. Bhutto's efforts undermined and dismantled the private-sector and conservative approach to political power in the country's political setup. Proponents of social democracy and national pride were supported, while the nationalisation and centralisation of the economy continued after the Eighth Five-Year Plan was enacted to end stagflation. Rather than preferring neutrality, Ayub Khan worked closely to form an alliance with the United States and the western world. [70] The USA, which did not approve of Pakistan's creation, was against this idea and British Prime Minister Clement Attlee voiced international opinion at the time by stating that he wished that India and Pakistan would re-unite, feared to unity of Muslim World. No other contemporary history of Pakistan comes anywhere near Talbot's understanding and detail of its challenges and missed opportunities." Pakistan is the founding member of the OIC, the SAARC and the Islamic Military Counter Terrorism Coalition as well as a member of many international organisations including the UN, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, the Commonwealth of Nations, the ARF, the Economic Cooperation Organization and many more. Themselves residing in also proposed the hostage population theory the war, which,! Diplomacy to lessen the tensions with India over disputed territory in the world – the Indus civilization. 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