Communal violence involves people belonging to two different religious or ethnic communities mobilized against each other and carrying the feelings of hostility, emotional fury, exploitation, social discrimination and social neglect. Title: Communal Violence, Its Causes and Solutions, Author: Invention Journals, Name: Communal Violence, Its Causes and Solutions, Length: 3 pages, Page: 1, Published: 2015-01-31 . 1992a. The world's average annual death rate from intentional violence, in … The highly contested relationship between the nature of southern law enforcement and lynching, for instance, has been resolved through Pfeifer's consideration of lynching in a larger national context. Hyderabad: Sangam Books: 33–41. (iv) It causes rivalry, violence and tension among masses, (v) It is used by the higher class people and elites as an instrument for division and exploitation of the communal identities of the poorer sections of their co-religionists. The causes of the communal violence have been mainly due to cattle raiding, revenge killings and child abduction. Adeleye Oyeniyi – TRANSCEND Media Service. Dear reader, congratulations! The fact that not all men in poor households are violent indicates that poverty is an insufficient explanation of violence. The causes of this violence go beyond the retaliatory nature of cattle raiding and touch upon broader issues of accountability, reconciliation, political inclusion, state effectiveness, development, and the proliferation of arms among the civilian population. The same character Daksha with two names (Daksha and Hardika) shows how the attitude of the same person to communal tension has changed over the years. The violence perpetuated by the communal people in our society affects family life and that is dramatized in the characters of Smita, Ramnik Gandhi, Aruna, Bobby and Javed. Introduction . The India-wide average communal violence fatality rate per year was 0.01 person per 100,000 people per year. Issuu is a digital publishing platform that makes it simple to publish magazines, catalogs, newspapers, books, and more online. In Darfur, communal conflicts preceded the rebellion and the ethnic cleansing that followed. How did the BJP, a small, marginalised, ‘pariah party’ in the 1980s, become the leading member of the governing coalition by 1998? This force has had devastating; consequences for the nation in the past, and has gravely retarded the process of integration in the post-independence period. variable, leading to communal conflictand violence has not been established unequivocally. It starts by elucidating the communal violence from the perspective of different scholars, it then moves to explain the different elements involved in communal violence such as the riot leaders, the mobilized and misled. Inter-communal violence in Jonglei and throughout South Sudan, while traditionally cyclical in nature, is not inevitable. A cursory look at analysis of communal violence in Rwanda and Sierra Leone reveals that certain universal conditions can lead to mass violence breaking out, … The Ministry of Home Affairs’ data on communal violence nationwide reveals that there has been a decline in communal incidents from 2008 till 2011 but a sharp increase was recorded in 2012 and 2013. Communal violence has entered a new phase with the Christians and members of other minority religions being made the victims of planned attacks. Many officials sought to dismiss the crisis in Poso as the work of unknown provocateurs. Violence against Muslims is frequently in the form of mob attacks on Muslims by Hindus. causes violence by eroding interethnic trust. “This mission and the government now have a major task to work together towards addressing the causes of inter-communal disputes and prevent further escalations of violence … In Ashgar Ali Engineer, ed., Communal Riots in Post-Independence India. Causes of Conflict in Indonesia . It also catalyses the problem of refuges, as in case of Pakistani Hindus, etc. AFRICA, 28 Feb 2011 . The year 2013 saw more deaths due to communal riots than the entire three-year period of 2010-2012. (iv) It causes rivalry, violence and tension among masses, (v) It is used by the higher class people and elites as an instrument for division and exploitation of the communal identities of the poorer sections of their co-religionists. a) Communal Violence: Communal violence is defined as incidents that are foremost/exclusively about local issues and spatially confined issues. Engineer, Ashgar Ali. The influenceof economic changes and threats of loss of livelihoods in deepening anxieties though is a given. Banaras Rocked by Communal Violence. Thank you! Communal Violence in India A Study of Communal Disturbance in Delhi Gopal Krishna Communalism is a pervasive phenoinenpn in Indian public life and communal violence is a particularly ugly expression of it. Engineer, Ashgar Ali. While there is evidence of incitement, it is the underlying religious, political, and economic tensions that best explain the violence. If this material is helpful, please consider a donation to TRANSCEND Media Service and click here. This course provides an advanced understanding of the causes of collective communal violence in India since 1947. It will outline the conceptual and methodological approaches to understanding collective communal violence. Two Muslim boys, Bobby and Javed take shelter in Ramnik’s … If the atmosphere of communal harmony is … Causes of the conflict. Uttar Pradesh accounted for 35 percent of the communal incidents across the country in 2013. The city is a fast growing industrial town with massive influx of migrant labourers. This book examines the causes of communal violence in India and its impact. Electoral incentives as a determinant of communal violence bear explanatory weight, Where levels of interethnic trust are low, it is easier for political leaders and other ex-tremists to build support for communal violence. By broadening the spatial and temporal dimensions of lynching research, scholars have been able to move beyond seemingly intractable debates about the causes of communal violence. The central city area is occupied mainly by white collared employees of Tatas and other business concerns. Sidney Jones Executive Director, Asia Division Human Rights Watch In terms of the communal violence and ethnic violence that we now see around Indonesia, I think I will just try to give you a survey of what some of the critical factors are involved in these conflicts and briefly go over what might be done to improve the situation. Interpreting Communal Violence in Myanmar addresses one such violent chapter in Myanmar’s recent past: the communal violence that shook the country between 2012 and 2014. They are considered here separately, but the causes mutually reinforce one another. In Moreover, communal conflicts can lead to further suffering as they can pave the way to other forms of organised violence. Earlier this month, United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres called for the adoption of the 2018 peace agreement in South Sudan. 1992b. Economic and Political Weekly, August 1–8: 1641–43. Civil conflict and interstate war are merely the most obvious manifestations of political violence; other types of conflict may pose similarly grave threats to human security. He further said that there should be disarmament of former combatants and the creation of a truth and reconciliation commission, as … Joint winner of the North American Conference on British Studies 2017 Stansky Book Prize for the best book on British Studies since 1800 Communal Violence in the British Empire focuses on how Britons interpreted, policed, and sometimes fostered violence between different ethnic and religious communities in the empire. Communal riots in this decade have been both urban and rural features, but the extent of damage is always greater in the thriving centers of trade and commerce. including election-related rioting, communal conflict and cattle raiding caused over 4,700 deaths (Salehyan et al., 2011). If we accept that recent communal violence has been sparked by the existence of Hindu nationalist ideology, the causes of this conflict must lie in the factors which allowed Hindutva, and the BJP, to gain influence. Examples include land conflicts, pastoral conflicts, secret-society activity, demonstrations over local service provision, and all violence involving communal actors. The report, titled The Role of Health Systems in Responding to Communal Violence in Delhi and released on 2 March, alleged that doctors had harassed the victims by referring to them as terrorists, and had asked victims if they knew the full forms of "NRC" and "CAA". In January 2021, a four-member independent fact-finding team visited abovementioned areas to investigate the causes of communal violence in Kutch district. Communal violence and riots have also been called non-State conflict, violent civil or minorities unrest, ... Bangladesh, and Pakistan causes violence in retaliation in India also. Conflict and Violence in Africa: Causes, Sources and Types. Causes of Communal Conflicts ... communal violence has been lagging behind. Rather, it is one of main factors that may aggravate or increase the violence that already exists. cause of violence against women. About Communal Violence in the British Empire. In terms of ACLED data, this includes events across event types, with … These attacks are referred to as communal riots in India and are seen to be part of a pattern of sporadic sectarian violence between the majority Hindu and minority Muslim communities, and have also been connected to a rise in Islamophobia throughout the 20th century. The population of the city, which was 5,000 in 1911, grew to 3,00,000 in 1961 and to about 8,00,000 in 1979. Due to the restraint and understanding of the people, the incidents of violence did not spread much, the members of the party felt that these incidents deepened the disharmony among Hindu-Muslim. Issue of Communal Violence: Causes & Responses by: Irfan Engineer. The Causes of Communal Riots in the Post-Partition Period in India. You just found one of our most read articles. It will review primordialist, instrumentalist (especially electoral incentives and social capital), and post-structuralist approaches. Communal Riots in Ahmedabad. Although segregation reduces violent disputes between individuals, the possibility of positive interethnic contact is also lower in segregated areas. Central African Republic: From Armed Groups to Communal Violence By virtue of its geography and history, CAR is located at the crossroads between two regions and two peoples: in the north, the Sahel with its pastoralist communities and majority Muslim merchants, and in the south, Central Africa with its communities of the savanna, initially animist but now predominantly Christian. There was a wide regional variation in rate of death caused by communal violence per 100,000 people. 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