Ottoman Turks controlled much of the land routes to the East, and they initially charged exorbitant taxes for traders to get through. Cortes formally claimed Mexican land for the Spanish crown in 1519. Spanish Exploration Birth of the USA American Constitution American Independence War Causes of the American Revolution Democratic Republican Party General Thomas Gage biography Intolerable Acts Loyalists Powers of the President Quebec Act Seven Years' War Stamp Act Tea Party Cold War Battle of Dien Bien Phu Brezhnev Doctrine Brezhnev Era This exchange benefitted Europeans more than Native Americans because Europeans spread smallpox , a deadly disease, to Native Americans when they came into contact with them. The exploits of the most famous Spanish explorers have provided Western civilization with a narrative of European supremacy and Indian savagery. It is after the Reconquista, that the Europeans start to expand and explore the new world for new trade routes to the riches, i.e. Cortes, for example, had friendly relationships with a number of natives, using them to assist in his conquest of the Aztecs, while other conquistadors focused only on subjugation and cruelty. Originally built by the Portuguese in the fifteenth century, it appears in this image as it was in the 1660s, after being seized by Dutch slave traders in 1637. From these strategic points, Portugal spread its empire down the western coast of Africa to the Congo, along the western coast of India, and eventually to Brazil on the eastern coast of South America. What was the effect of Spanish and Portuguese exploration? Millions of Amerindians died by violence and disease as the Spanish marched through their lands, and even the very face of the land changed as the explorers and settlers brought new livestock, weeds, and germs to the New World. The land there is elevated, with many mountains and peaks incomparably higher than in the centre isle. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. The trees, fruits and grasses differ widely from those in Juana. Most trades for Western Europe required overland travel, which only grew more difficult with Ottoman conquests in the East. The Spanish came to the New World first to have a Far East trading link. In 1482, Portuguese traders built Elmina Castle (also called So Jorge da Mina, or Saint Georges of the Mine) in present-day Ghana, on the west coast of Africa ([link]). Elmina Castle on the west coast of Ghana was used as a holding pen for slaves before they were brought across the Atlantic and sold. Those who resisted were punished by a system called encomienda, in which natives were assigned to settlers through land grants as part of a deal. Another Italian, Amerigo Vespucci, sailing for the Portuguese crown, explored the South American coastline between 1499 and 1502. Copies of the letter were soon circulating all over Europe, spreading news of the wondrous new land that Columbus had discovered. Columbus would make three more voyages over the next decade, establishing Spains first settlement in the New World on the island of Hispaniola. This was especially true under the ecomienda system, whereby the Spanish built plantations for mining and farming and managed by Amerindian labor. The money flowed freely, but they still hoped to find a way to the East. In 1418, the Portuguese came upon the Madeira Islands and established a colony at Porto Santo. conquered Aztecs, killed emperor, collected gold Ferdinand Magellan Since the Aztec people had never been exposed to the disease, thousands died as it spread throughout Mexico. The motives that spur human beings to examine their environment are many. The regions through which he traveled were not empty areas waiting to be discovered: rather, they were populated and controlled by the groups of native peoples indicated. It took nearly a year for the Spanish and the tens of thousands of native allies who joined them to defeat the Mexica in Tenochtitln, which they did by laying siege to the city. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. With his support, Portuguese mariners successfully navigated an eastward route to Africa, establishing a foothold there that became a foundation of their nations trade empire in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Motivated by curiosity, a desire to expand into new places, a longing to spread Christianity, and especially, a hope to tap into the lucrative Far East trade, Europeans of the 15th and 16th centuries looked outward and began to explore their world. Thousands of Spaniards flocked to the Americas seeking wealth and status. However, the overthrow of the Mongols by the Ottoman Empire had closed that border as the longstanding religious differences between Christian Europe and Muslim Ottomans allowed the old conflict to disrupt the flow of trade. what was the effect of spanish and portuguese exploration?the renaissance apartments chicago snoopy happy dance emoji 8959 norma pl west hollywood ca 90069 8959 norma pl west hollywood ca 90069 lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. Magellan and Joo Serro were the only Portuguese captains, with Magellan in charge of the largest ship, the Trinidad, and Serro at the helm of the Santiago. Columbus' reports about the many people already living in the New World prompted Queen Isabel to consider them under her protection as members of the Spanish Empire, promising to bring them to the Catholic faith and wanting them to be fairly treated. Key Explorers The key figure in early Portuguese exploration was Prince Henry, the son of King John I. Nicknamed "the Navigator," Henry was not an explorer himself. The compass rose also told . Thus the goals of the Spanish conquest were quite different from the Portuguese. The Spanish established the first European settlements in the Americas, beginning in the Caribbean and, by 1600, extending throughout Central and South America. Hernando Corts was part of the generation of Spanish colonizers that began the first phase of the Spanish colonization of the Americas. There were new places to explore, room to spread out, and cultures and economies to discover and even control. Although the Portuguese originally used the fort primarily for trading gold, by the sixteenth century they had shifted their focus. In the BFA programs, students receive practical training through the progression of hands-on projects that increase in complexity. Portuguese explorers were able to discover and conquer new worlds. In 1492, they completed the Reconquista: the centuries-long Christian conquest of the Iberian Peninsula. Hoping to gain power over the city, Corts took Moctezuma, the Aztec ruler, hostage. In 1519, he entered Tenochtitln, the capital of the Aztec (Mexica) Empire. The overland routes involved terrain that was unforgiving and dangerous, and merchants couldn't trust that they would always be safe. Columbus set sail with three small ships and a crew of eighty . One of this periods most famous works is the novel The Ingenious Gentleman Don Quixote of La Mancha, by Miguel de Cervantes. Large numbers of Spanish people came to live and work in their new lands of Central and South America. Although, this conquest took over 30 years to accomplish. When Vasco de Gama found a new route to India, the Portuguese were able to trade spices and jewels. Over two centuries, the Spanish established an empire over two continents that changed the lives of the Amerindians, the very face of the land itself, and indeed, the entire world. Enter a Melbet promo code and get a generous bonus, An Insight into Coupons and a Secret Bonus, Organic Hacks to Tweak Audio Recording for Videos Production, Bring Back Life to Your Graphic Images- Used Best Graphic Design Software, New Google Update and Future of Interstitial Ads. However, the reality is far more complex. The Portuguese took the lead. Sugar fueled the Atlantic slave trade, and the Portuguese islands quickly became home to sugar plantations. The Portuguese also traded these slaves, introducing much-needed human capital to other European nations. The Portuguese had the best and most up-to-date navigational tools as well. In 1542, de Soto himself died during the expedition. Spain also grew increasingly wealthy, but the influx of gold and silver currency eventually caused serious problems leading Charles V to declare bankruptcy and spread inflation throughout Europe. The increased flow of silver altered the worldwide global trading both socially and economically. This age of exploration and the subsequent creation of an Atlantic World marked the earliest phase of globalization, in which previously isolated groupsAfricans, Native Americans, and Europeansfirst came into contact with each other, sometimes with disastrous results. How did explorers born in Portugal impact the world? Explore the collection at The Cervantes Project for images, complete texts, and other resources relating to Cervantess works. In the following years, as European exploration spread, slavery spread as well. The Portuguese explored the Canary Islands off the African coast as early as 1341, finding them perfect for the establishment of sugar colonies with labor supplied by African slaves. Spanish rulers Ferdinand and Isabella promoted the acquisition of these new lands in order to strengthen and glorify their own empire. During the fifteenth century, Spain hoped to gain advantage over its rival, Portugal. They started in the Caribbean with a settlement at Santo Domingo on Hispaniola in 1496 and moved on to other islands. Essay Sample. Unlike Columbus, he realized that the Americas were not part of Asia but lands unknown to Europeans. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 88,000 They were looking for something new and different, and they were ready to push beyond Europe to find it. (04.05) Painting of a scene showing European explorers and native peoples in the New World. A fortified trading post, it had mounted cannons facing out to sea, not inland toward continental Africa; the Portuguese had greater fear of a naval attack from other Europeans than of a land attack from Africans. Note the various fanciful elements, such as the large-scale ships and sea creatures, and consider what the creator of this map hoped to convey. The bullwhip effect is a term used in supply chain management to describe how minor changes in consumer demand at the retail level can cause significant demand fluctuations upstream toward raw material suppliers. 1524. Spain and Portugal were considered to be the major exponents of The Age of Discovery, stretching from the early 15 th century to mid-17 th century. In 1488, Bartholomeu Dias managed to make his way around the Cape of Good Hope at the southern tip of Africa. The main driving forces for these pressures include the growing population associated with rapid urbanization and human settlements along the coast, industrial growth, oil exploration, production and export and the associated tanker traffic, fishing, tourism, agriculture, aquaculture and sea water desalination. As Spains empire expanded and riches flowed in from the Americas, the Spanish experienced a golden age of art and literature. In time, much of the Atlantic World would become a gargantuan sugar-plantation complex in which Africans labored to produce the highly profitable commodity for European consumers. While disease killed populations. NYFA's Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA) degree programs are designed to provide students with a concentrated education in film, media, and entertainment, supported by an exploration of the liberal arts and sciences. Using the explorers first name as a label for the new landmass, Waldseemuller attached America to his map of the New World in 1507, and the name stuck. At Elmina the main source was Ashanti gold, at trading points on the Guinea coast it was gold diverted to Portuguese traders from the caravan route from Timbuktu to Morocco. the fall of European national monarchies and the end of the power of the Catholic Church. The Spanish explorers hoped to find cities of gold, so they made their discoveries sound as wonderful as possible in these letters to convince the Spanish crown to fund more voyages. When these expeditions began, Europeans knew virtually nothing about the area past Cape Bojador on. Many other Europeans followed in Columbuss footsteps, drawn by dreams of winning wealth by sailing west. By the end of this section, you will be able to: Portuguese colonization of Atlantic islands in the 1400s inaugurated an era of aggressive European expansion across the Atlantic. In 1492, Granada, the last Muslim stronghold on the Iberian Peninsula, had fallen to the forces of the Spanish monarchs. The disease took a heavy toll on the people in Tenochtitln, playing a much greater role in the citys demise than did Spanish force of arms. Without her, Corts would not have been able to communicate, and without the language bridge, he surely would have been less successful in destabilizing the Aztec Empire. Warfare by the Spanish, using guns, and forced labour in mines and on plantations also contributed. The age of exploration came along way from 15th to the 17yh century bringing along voyages, conquests, new lands, disease, religion, and the exchange of goods. Hernando de Soto had participated in Pizarros conquest of the Inca, and from 1539 to 1542 he led expeditions to what is today the southeastern United States, looking for gold. What was the positive impact of Portuguese exploration? Open Document. The Library of Congress. answer choices. This innovation helped the Age of Exploration flourish because it showed explorers what direction they were headed. They also looked west, settling in Brazil. Nearly everybody remembers that 'In fourteen hundred ninety-two Columbus sailed the ocean blue,' and indeed, Christopher Columbus, sponsored by Spain, did make his first voyage in 1492 and bumped into a completely new continent on his way to the Far East. However, after three years of entreaties, and, more important, the completion of the Reconquista, Ferdinand and Isabella agreed to finance Columbuss expedition in 1492, supplying him with three ships: the Nina, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria. What impact did the Portuguese have on exploration? Portuguese explorers were excellent navigators. Hispaniola is a marvel. The Impact of Portuguese Exploration Portugal's explorers changed Europeans' understanding of the world in several ways. While they are filled with distortions and fabrications, probanzas de mritos are still useful in illustrating the expectation of wealth among the explorers as well as their view that native peoples would not pose a serious obstacle to colonization. . They understood that the Portuguese would soon reach Asia and, in this competitive race to reach the Far East, the Spanish rulers decided to act. He then sailed to an island he named Hispaniola (present-day Dominican Republic and Haiti) ([link]). [3] How did Portuguese and Spanish exploration effect the people in Africa? Hogwarts Legacy is a third-person action-adventure game with some minor RPG and exploration folded into the mix. What impact did Portuguese have on Africa? With his faithful sidekick Sancho Panza, Don Quixote leaves reality behind and sets out to revive chivalry by doing battle with what he perceives as the enemies of Spain. Causes and Effects of Spanish Exploration and Colonization Spain played a critical part in the exploration and colonization of the Americas. This colonial enterprise was driven by a search for African gold, Asian spices, and Christian kingdoms in the east. Malintzin remains a controversial figure in the history of the Atlantic World; some people view her as a traitor because she helped Corts conquer the Aztecs, while others see her as a victim of European expansion. The Spanish monarchs knew that Portuguese mariners had reached the southern tip of Africa and sailed the Indian Ocean. The Spanish fleeing from an Aztec force. Great Explorers of Spain and Portugal: Aims & Discoveries, Radical Reformation Origins & Beliefs | Anabaptists & Antitrinitarians. What impact did the Portuguese and Spanish explorers have on Europe? On June 7, 1494, the governments of Spain and Portugal agreed to the Treaty of Tordesillas, named for the city in Spain in which it was created.The Treaty of Tordesillas neatly divided the " New World " of the Americas between the two superpowers. They understood that the Portuguese would soon reach Asia and, in this competitive race to reach the Far East, the Spanish rulers decided to act. What was the success of Spain and Portugal? Corts and his people fled for their lives, running down one of Tenochtitlns causeways to safety on the shore. The Spanish also brought smallpox into the valley of Mexico. 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In anticipation of winning his own honor and riches, Corts later explored the Yucatn Peninsula. Lutheranism History, Facts & Beliefs | What is Lutheranism? Such problems only created possibilities for new solutions as European colonies and trade cropped up around the world. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. When this lesson is over, you should be able to: To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. Columbus also discovered tobacco seeds and brought the seeds back to Europe. The Spanish also introduced Catholicism into the New World. Portuguese mariners built an Atlantic empire by colonizing the Canary, Cape Verde, and Azores Islands, as well as the island of Madeira. explored ante empire in Mexico. They explored the coasts of Africa and brought back gold and slaves. In addition to forcing the native populations into slavery, the Spanish explorers forced them to convert to Christianity. Columbuss 1493 letteror probanza de mrito (proof of merit)describing his discovery of a New World did much to inspire excitement in Europe. The surviving Spaniards, numbering a little over three hundred, returned to Mexico City without finding the much-anticipated mountains of gold and silver. However, these stories are based on the self-aggrandizing efforts of conquistadors to secure royal favor through the writing of probanzas de mritos (proofs of merit). Francisco Pizarro conquered the Inca Empire and took part in explorations of the northern Caribbean coast of South America. Spain. Sugar fueled the Atlantic slave trade, and the Portuguese islands quickly became home to sugar plantations. Amy has MA degrees in History, English, and Theology. . Portugal explored because they needed spices and jewels and they wanted to conquer lands. They also found a sea route to India. In the 1540s, Francisco Vsquez de Coronado crossed the Rio Grande and traveled up the Colorado River. From the beginning of the Aztec conquest, a collection of Franciscan friars had come to convert the natives. The Official Site of Philip T. Rivera. What are the effects of Spain exploration? The results of the study allowed us to discover the characteristics of the contents which have an effect on informal learning, favoring the child's creativity and the development of abilities and. The only arms they have are sticks of cane, cut when in seed, with a sharpened stick at the end, and they are afraid to use these. Posted on . The Spanish followed suit, beginning with Christopher Columbus, before moving beyond mere trade and focusing on empire building. Europeans gained new materials like gold, silver, and jewels. The Spanish brought horses, guns, and other weaponry with them which frightened the Aztecs. Above all else, the Aztec wealth in gold fascinated the Spanish adventurers. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you Perched on the southwestern part of the Iberian peninsula, Portugal turned to the boundless Atlantic Ocean as its only outlet to the wider world. Vasco Nez de Balboa marched through Panama to the Pacific ocean; Hernando Corts conquered Mexico; Francisco Pizarro subdued Peru; and Francisco Vsquez de Coronado moved north. In the 1480s, Pope Sixtus IV had granted Portugal the right to all land south of the Cape Verde islands, leading the Portuguese king to claim that the lands discovered by Columbus belonged to Portugal, not Spain. Vespuccis widely published accounts of his voyages fueled speculation and intense interest in the New World among Europeans. Hernn Corts hoped to gain hereditary privilege for his family, tribute payments and labor from natives, and an annual pension for his service to the crown. Spain had dominated much of the Americas; Ortiz goes as far to brand the period as "The Golden Age of Spain [1] ". 247 lessons The seaports there are incredibly fine, as also the magnificent rivers, most of which bear gold. Spain attracted innovative foreign painters such as El Greco, a Greek who had studied with Italian Renaissance masters like Titian and Michelangelo before moving to Toledo. The Reconquista marked another step forward in the process of making Spain an imperial power, and Ferdinand and Isabella were now ready to look further afield. There is honey, and there are many kinds of birds, and a great variety of fruits. The Jesuits attempted to covert the natives to Christianity, but most of the other colonists were more interested in pushing west to find gold and silver. The dungeon of the fort now served as a holding pen for African slaves from the interior of the continent, while on the upper floors Portuguese traders ate, slept, and prayed in a chapel. Columbus held erroneous views that shaped his thinking about what he would encounter as he sailed west. Smarting from their defeat at the hands of the Aztec, Corts slowly created alliances with native peoples who resented Aztec rule. They also found a sea route to India. Portuguese explorers were able to discover and conquer new worlds. Although the Spanish had superior weapons, the strength of the Aztecs made the campaign long and grueling. 27 chapters | In the eighteenth century, a French historian compared Spanish and Portuguese expansion in the New World in the following terms: The conquests of the Portuguese in the New World are not as pleasing on a broad view as the conquests of Mexico and Peru. Portugal got richer because of the Indian trade. Sugar fueled the Atlantic slave trade, and the Portuguese islands quickly became home to sugar plantations. succeed. They accomplished this through a combination of military strength and strategic alliances with native peoples. He believed that, using calculations based on other mariners journeys, he could chart a westward route to India, which could be used to expand European trade and spread Christianity. What was the effect of Spanish and Portuguese exploration? The Carrack or Nao (meaning ship) was developed as a fusion between Mediterranean and Northern European-style ships. Merchants then used these Atlantic outposts as debarkation points for subsequent journeys. When the Spanish and Portuguese explore to the new world it results in massive increase in the population. So basically it helped explorers reach their destination. Set in the Wizarding World universe, this game finally lets you explore the castle of Hogwarts and the surrounding area with near-limitless freedom. What lands did Spain lay claim to and how did the Portuguese react? Seeking to ensure that Columbuss finds would remain Spanish, Spains monarchs turned to the Spanish-born Pope Alexander VI, who issued two papal decrees in 1493 that gave legitimacy to Spains Atlantic claims at the expense of Portugal. The 1492 Columbus landfall accelerated the rivalry between Spain and Portugal, and the two powers vied for domination through the acquisition of new lands. The Spanish started the trade of potatoes, pineapples, turkey, dahlias, sunflowers, magnolia, maize, chillies and chocolate across the Atlantic. AP European History: The Age of Expansion, The Market Economy in 17th Century Europe, Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses, The Age of Discovery and the Conquistadors, AP European History: Overview of the Renaissance, AP European History: Renaissance Philosophy, Art & Literature, AP European History: Reformation Roots & Teachings, AP European History: The Reformation's Effects Across Europe, The Old World and New World: Why Europeans Sailed to the Americas, Portuguese and Spanish Empires: Growth in the New World & Asia, The Columbian Exchange, Global Trade & Mercantilism, Triangular Trade: Route, System & Role in Slavery, The Commercial Revolution: Economic Impact of Exploration and Colonization on Europe, Spreading Religion in the Age of Exploration, AP European History: The Rise of Monarchical Nation States, AP European History: English History (1450-1700), AP European History: The Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment, AP European History: The French Revolution, AP European History: The Napoleonic Empire, AP European History: 19th Century Revolutionary Movements, AP European History: The First Industrial Revolution, AP European History: Unifications of Nation States in the 19th Century, AP European History: Russia After World War I, AP European History: Integration: Europe after the Soviet Union, Developing and Writing Your AP Exam Essay, History 106: The Civil War and Reconstruction, AP European History: Homework Help Resource, ILTS Social Science - History (246): Test Practice and Study Guide, GED Social Studies: Civics & Government, US History, Economics, Geography & World, High School US History: Homework Help Resource, High School US History: Tutoring Solution, Roman God Pluto of the Underworld: Facts & Overview, Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite's Mystical Theology, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community, Recognize the exploration of the Portuguese and Spanish Empires, Identify the African and Brazilian expansion by Portugal, Describe the Spanish conquerors and conquest of South and Central America. More than a dozen veterans shared their concerns with U.S. Secretary of Veterans Affairs Denis McDonough and U.S. Rep. Mary Peltola. South American settlement began in 1523 in Venezuela, and in 1524-1526, the Spanish marched through Central America, exerting their control from Guatemala to Nicaragua. There was plenty of room to spread out, interesting cultures and landscapes to explore, natives to Christianize, and even better, economic opportunities galore, including new sources of gold and silver. C. Africans sold spices to Portugal and Spain. Between 1540 and 1542, Coronado led a large expedition of Spaniards and native allies to the lands north of Mexico City, and for the next several years, they explored the area that is now the southwestern United States ([link]). Dutch Golden Age History & Timeline | What is the Dutch Golden Age? While the Portuguese remained focused on the establishment of trading networks, only turning to full colonization later, Spanish discoveries of established empires in North and South America led them to explore and subsequently expand their own empire with the intention of growing wealthier and spreading Catholicism. This island, like all the others, is most extensive. Although Portugal opened the door to exploration of the Atlantic World, Spanish explorers quickly made inroads into the Americas. Want to create or adapt books like this? SE. spices, of Asia. The map shows areas of Portuguese and Spanish exploration, the two nations claims under the Treaty of Tordesillas, and a variety of flora, fauna, figures, and structures. Spain and Portugal divided the New World by drawing a north-to-south line of demarcation in the Atlantic Ocean, about 100 leagues (555 . . Her specialties include early modern European history, gender history, and music history. Portugal got richer because of the Indian trade. Dutch & Spanish Dominance in South & Southeast Asia, The Italian Wars and Weakening of Papal Authority, Protestant Reformation on Germany | History, Effects & Impacts. Translated to conqueror, conquistadors were a class of men who especially partook in the age of exploration and discovery by leading expeditions to the New World with the understanding that conquest would gain them wealth and power with their monarchs. Since the 700s, much of Spain had been under Islamic rule, and King Ferdinand II and Queen Isabella I, arch-defenders of the Catholic Church against Islam, were determined to defeat the Muslims in Granada, the last Islamic stronghold in Spain. Henry the Navigator. Spain was unable to compete with Portugal throughout most of the 15th century as it was occupied with consolidating itself on the Iberian peninsula and defeating the Islamic empire that had been present since the early middle ages.

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