means of attempting to satisfy the requirement, its use What is specification? What steps lead conformance to specification? to a single product and is the most restrictive kind of Substitutions or alterations will not be permitted without Company's written consent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned, or delayed. Departments using design A certificate of conformity, or CoC, is issued by an authorized party (sometimes the manufacturer, sometimes an independent laboratory) and states that the product meets the required standards or specification. Although conformance testing is not a guarantee for interoperability, it is an essential step towards achieving interoperability. required, testing methods, and characteristics that the At the end of the 1-year period, the implementer would have to correct the errors to renew the certificate. Three of the test suites that are being developed are: XML Test Suite - The XML test suite for XML processors contains over 2000 test files and an associated test report. Conformance involves two major components: (1) a test tool and (2) a testing program (e.g., certification or branding). In addition, it requires high level of maturity of internal requesting customer department. 5. Conformance to Specifications. negotiated pursuant to 41 u.s.c. 0000066668 00000 n In the event of a dispute or other commercial issues the specification can provide a formal method of identifying what the purchaser wanted against what was delivered. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. Values that may be different for different conforming implementations of the standard, The color model(s), if any, supported by the standard, Test tool (e.g., tool, suite, and/or reference implementation, Organization(s) to do testing, issue certificates of validation, and arbitrate disputes. Sensor installation and measurement location specifications, performance and equipment specifications, test procedures, and data reduction procedures are included in this specification. Elements that should typically be included in a CoC are: On the US CPSC (Consumer Product Safety Commission) website, one can find several samples of CoCs. 0000005693 00000 n AnEU declaration of conformity(DoC) is a mandatory document that you as a manufacturer or your authorised representative need to sign to declare that your products comply with the EU requirements. A testing program cannot exist without a test tool or test suite, but a test tool/suite can exist without a testing program. If errors are found, one can correctly deduce that the implementation does not conform to the specification; however, the absence of errors does not necessarily imply the converse. specification. Purchase Requisition 1 - A poor undetailed specification "I want something to eat my dinner with". You must translate the EU declaration of conformity into the language or languages required by the EU country in which your product is sold. 4. This test suite has been used on a variety of XML processors, and results have been published on XML.com. The main reason a CoC is required at customs is to prove a product that the product being imported meets the required standard(s). 0000004999 00000 n Sample 1 Sample 2 DEVELOPING SPECIFICATIONS: Although The following discussion defines conformance and conformance testing as well as describes the components of a conformance testing program. If you do not use a third party laboratory, you may label this section N/A. If the mattresses being certified are for cribs or childrens size mattresses, please see the requirements for issuing a CPC. situations when the use of this specification is our only 0000001477 00000 n However, @hA hbF`h`. What are the characteristics of a good specification in procurement? The duty of Procurement to promote The conformance clause of a standard specification is a high-level description of what is required of implementers and application developers. Specifications are statements of requirements to be satisfied in the supply of a product or service There are two main types of specification when contracting namely: With this type of specification the buyer says what they want and how they want it and the supplier has to meet this Examples of conformance specification are: What are the types of specification in procurement? Proprietary Specification. What does it mean when software conforms to a standard or specification? with the Procurement Officer reserving the final right to a. To illustrate the characteristic of Completeness in Specifications consider my proposed user requirements for a new car. specification, having been used historically in public According to the FCC (47 CFR Section 2.906): Equipment that consists of only a radio transmitter (not a transceiver) such as remote control transmitters; land mobile radio transmitters and wireless medical telemetry transmitters are required to be approved using the certification procedure. (b) Semiconductor devices and microcircuits not procured under a military specification shall be definitions of non-standard terms. There are many types of testing including testing for performance, robustness, behavior, functions and interoperability. a. This is usually in a conformance clause or conformance statement, but sometimes some of the criteria can be found in the body of the specification. For example, stating that "The system shall be user-friendly" is a completley ambiguous requirement, since the meaning of "user-friendly" is left up to the interpreter. Moreover, each test should be written so as to explicitly state the behavior of a conforming implementation. suitability of specifications, Procurement cannot initiate or The testing program should strive to be as impartial and objective as possible, i.e., to remove subjectivity of both the procedures and the testing tools. DEFINITIONS 2.1 Centroidal Area. The final test suite is expected to be complete by March 2001. Often times, errors or ambiguities in the specification are discovered. prepare all specifications. stream Taking the time to think, write & challenge what your internal customer need is one of the most important keys to have efficient, smooth, transparent & successful procurement process. qualified product list (QPL) is a specification based on characteristics of the item desired. b. j.h8 Additional information about these test suites and the W3C Recommendations are available from: NIST http://xw2k.nist.gov/xml/index.html, OASIS http://www.oasis-open.org/committees. Note: it is still possible to see a CoC for importing into the EU here is an example onthis websitefor a medical device. items regularly available in the market place, as is ISO/IEC Guide 2 also mentions that "Typical examples of conformity assessment activities are sampling, testing and inspection; evaluation, verification and assurance of conformity (supplier's declaration, certification); registration, accreditation and approval as well as their combinations.". What we wrote above is based only on our understanding of the regulatory requirements. the methods for establishing and maintaining a QPL varies widely An official website of the United States government. R3XF5h{o9gkz1p!i[$KQt?I$o:hdSisA4e3Dm9,Hhj4@`h$&!!r" BH$@4$"Jz"H,*Mc18/,1 #c7n~ "/[#J Quality Assurance, Product Development, and Purchasing Strategies in China. When the supplier has more technical or relevant skills than that of the buyer, When technology is constantly changing in the suppliers industries in which case it will be hard to specify methodologies, When there is a clear criteria for evaluating alternative solutions suggested by the suppliers competing for the contract. Performance decision-centered view, as the name suggests, are decisions. Generically, a conformance test suite is a collection of combinations of legal and illegal inputs to the implementation being tested, together with a corresponding collection of "expected results." The procurement function generally acts as the middle-man between the customer whether it be internal or external and suppliers. The specification must: Be set out in the relevant Procurement Documents clearly describe what is required detail the characteristics required not refer to the following: brands or trade names Is this a requirement that comes from a particular type of user? Depending on the nature of the electronic device being imported, you will either need to go through a more comprehensive FCC certification or can submit your own Suppliers Declaration of Conformity. Lets look at the difference between the two: For RF Devices with the greatest potential to cause harmful interference to radio services like smartphones, Bluetooth speakers, earbuds, etc, that emit radiation a self-declaration is not acceptable to comply with FCC regulations and they must be certified by an FCC-recognized Telecommunication Certification Body (TCB) based on an evaluation of the supporting documentation and test data submitted by the responsible party (e.g., the manufacturer or importer) to the TCB. In this example, while the mattresses were not required to be tested by a third party laboratory, the mattress manufacturer voluntarily chose to do so and must provide the information about that laboratory. 7. Purchasing will assist and advise you in 2) The car shall have a really kickin stereo system. 0000003127 00000 n Conformance testing (also called conformity assessment) is a way of verifying implementations of a specification to determine whether or not deviations from the specification exist. Speaking generally, one is the specification that It's important to have several calls/meetings with the requesting department to get more clarity about their needs, ask them to get piece of paper and write on it what they need whatever they can write! products are equal and this basis must be predicated upon The problem here however is the chance that the person who raised the requisition may well change their mind or refine the specification as quotes begin to arrive. This is called strict conformance. 0000002922 00000 n met to be considered responsive. (If the specifications don't describe the different approaches in the first place, then it's an implementer detail irrelevant to conformance.). In my personal experience "Completeness" of requirements is the hardest but possibly the most important of the four key characteristics of good Specifications. Specifications sometimes need to address: Specifications may describe several different ways to accomplish its operation (e.g., a choice of file formats or codes). Comprehensive Procurement Guidelines When BioPreferred and CPG are both required, the agency shall purchase the item that meets the CPG requirements (per FAR 23.405 Procedures (c) and Farm Security and Rural Investment Act, Section 9002 (b)). The prevailing style of management conditions people to "conformance to specification" as the aim, writes Nigel Clements. Though there are so many things that make a good well rounded specification im going to narrow it down to 4 simple factors; There should be only one way to interpret the requirements of the customer. 0000007141 00000 n A conformance test program needs to be supported by an advisory or control board, whose role is to resolve disputes and provide technical guidance. requirements. Not all specifications or standards need a testing program. The responsible party has the option to use the certification procedure in place of the SDoC procedure. The decision to issue a certificate is based on the testing results and established criteria for issuing certificates. is less interested in dimensions and materials and configurations For example, ideally it should be possible to fully test a product's conformance before sign-off and deployment. This is a document, parallel to but distinct from the official specifications, that contains a list of recognized extensions to the standard. or other required characteristics should be clearly specifications must submit complete specifications with specification is less interested in how a product is made, and 7. Conformance testing is NOT a way to judge if one product is better than another. Supplier Resources. The main reason a CoC is required at customs is to prove a product that the product . It also provides an independent, objective method for evaluating similar products and ensuring that software customers are not locked into purchasing a software product from a single vendor. There are additional advantages when a technical specifications document is drawn up and it forms an integral part of the procurement process and order placement. specifications; performance specifications; and the Qualified Generally, the more critical the application, the more formal the testing. Conformance specs: Paper combination is: 3 layers carton (Layer1 is Kraft liner of 125GSM + Layer2 is Test/Recycled liner of 100GSM + Layer3 is Kraft liner of 125GSM) with mentioning Flute type . Conformance testing (also called conformity assessment) is a way of verifying implementations of a specification to determine whether or not deviations from the specification exist. interchangeably to designate an approach to specifications that They can then make any necessary corrections to allow the implementation to conform. However, this is generally impossible for implementations of nontrivial specifications. Without knowing whats really needed costs can be far higher than required and the solution procured for the business not fit for purpose. The other group call for ready-made, off-the-shelf commercial The suite may be a set of programs, a set of instructions for manual action, or another appropriate alternative. programs and staff activities. product will meet an intended need, there are at least ten . Conformance means that a product meets the minimum requirements in the standard. DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS: Design conformity assessment - any activity concerned with determining directly or indirectly that relevant requirements are fulfilled. Examples of what typical specifications may be like include; Compared to conformance specification, performance specification has a number of ADVANTAGES such as; When is it advisable to use performance specification? Furthermore, what is a conformance specification? Equipment authorized under the SDoC procedure is not listed in a Commission database. Specifications can be attributed in two ways; 1) Attributes - related to things such as the part, component or raw material. The Procurement cycle is covered extensively within the CIPS . Lock Conformance testing provides software developers and users assurance and confidence that the conforming product behaves as expected, performs functions in a known manner, or possesses a prescribed interface or format. This blog is written by Renaud Anjoran, an ASQ Certified Quality Engineer who has been involved in chinese manufacturing since 2005. Depending on the type of specification (e.g., application programming interface (API), protocol, programming language, metafile), there are various methodologies that can be used in developing conformance test suites. Good thoughts Diaa..Performance specifications focuses on supplier partnership. have expertise in every sphere of College of Charleston academic Certificate of Conformity, According to the FCC (47 CFR Section 2.906), Sofeast: Quality Assurance In China Or Vietnam For Beginners [eBook], Assembly Fixtures: A Valuable Productivity and Quality Tool, Process Engineering: Limitations of Most Chinese Suppliers, 6 Tips To Combat Common Recurring Quality Issues From Your Supplier, ISTA Testing: Do It And Stop Worrying About Product Damage In Transit, How USA & Canada SME Importers Feel about China in early 2023, Description of the product covered in the CoC, List of all safety regulations the product must pass, The CoC must clearly list each of the safety regulations the product must be tested for, refer to related tests reports or certificates, Importer or manufacturers identification, Provide the name, full mailing address, and telephone number of the importer or domestic manufacturer certifying the product. According to the EUs own guidance, your EU DoC should contain the following information: For imported products, theimporter must ensurethat the product is accompanied by the DoC and must keep a copy of it for 10 years after the product has been placed on the market. Conformance test suites increases the probability that software products that claim to conform to a specification are implemented correctly. %PDF-1.3 % ^O{f 0jlrG11lgjcBR8LLQ4Ms7Irl;%oOA?CECpd@{m1MS]81W_4;O,Wmw@:5(h1f up/}u,2 Et8ALC%Z7 #fc[,:RC oA_"IFWS.fL' rx0!% ^r2;u,{0rd@Ty !A34AEnKZX+1 n/o Conformance is usually defined as testing to see if an implementation faithfully meets the requirements of a standard or specification. Haytham Abdel-Rahman, MBA. What are the types of specification in procurement? For any . For this reason it is a good practice to write a test of the Spec at the same time the Spec is being written. The term "optional" is used to indicate that if an implementation is going to provide the specified functionality, then the specification must be followed. 2 What are the types of specification in procurement? The conformance clause of a standard specification is a high-level description of what is required of implementers and application developers. Here, you may receive totally different proposals which includes totally different solutions, however all of them may be accepted as they all will be achieving the required performance. 9 0 obj The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS) are addressing XML-related interoperability issues by jointly developing test suites that are intended to complement the W3C Recommendations. looking at the above simple example that both requisitions are asking for something (A utensil to eat with) but they are defining vastly different attributes. a. My company Sofeast, can probably help you. used to establish the QPL and indicate steps to be taken The procedures should also contain information on what must be done operationally when failures occur. Therefore, the list of assertions should be as comprehensive as possible. Dr. W. Edwards Deming is often linked with approaches to improvement that carry labels such as TQM, Six Sigma, and Lean. The tests are then executed and the results displayed. In many of these cases the problem is not that the scope changed but that the original Specification was incomplete. specifications; brand-name-or-equal specifications; design Java and all Java based marks are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc., in the United States and other countries. The XSLT test suite will allow users to customize the test suite to filter out optional category tests. To this end, In the marketplace, conformance test suites and consequently conformance testing provides a vehicle for exchanging information between buyer and seller. Several of the W3C Working Groups have developed conformance test suites or tools e.g., SVG, CSS, and HTML. FCC (47 CFR Section 2.906) again states that the SDoC is: a procedure that requires the party responsible for compliance ensure that the equipment complies with the appropriate technical standards. The sponsor has a fundamental interest in ensuring the success of the program. It, in turn, refers to other parts of the standard. 3. The difference between the performance dimension and the conformance dimension is that the former is more forward-looking and the later backward-looking. DEVELOPING SPECIFICATIONS: Although If you cant describe what your organization need on piece of paper then imagine how suppliers can understand your needs, then quote/propose the right solution for it. The test suite will focus on XSL transformations (XSLT) and XML Path Language (XPath). What does it mean to have a conformance clause? The conformance clause may specify minimal requirements for certain functions and minimal requirements for implementation-dependent values. 1.1 This specification covers the fabrication and supply of bare overhead transmission line conductors.

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