World Facts Index > Israel > Jerusalem. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Maḥane Yehuda market (“The Shuk”), Jerusalem. Despite its small size, about 290 miles (470 km) north-to-south and 85 miles (135 km) east-to-west at its widest point, Israel has four geographic regions—the Mediterranean coastal plain, the hill regions of northern and central Israel, the Great Rift Valley, and the Negev—and a wide range of unique physical features and microclimates. The City of Jerusalem is the largest city … Jerusalem, ancient city of the Middle East that since 1967 has been wholly under the rule of the State of Israel. In the early 20th century the city, along with all of historic Palestine, became the focus of the competing national aspirations of Zionists and Palestinian Arabs. Over the course of a 40-year career spanning more than 80 countries, award-winning journalist Buzzy (Bezalel) Gordon is the author of. The gold-capped Dome of the Rock stands atop the Temple Mount (Al-Ḥaram al-Sharīf) in Jerusalem. There are 34 watchtowers along Jerusalem’s walls, and there are 7 gates for traffic. Jerusalem, Hebrew Yerushalayim, Arabic Bayt al-Muqaddas or Al-Quds, ancient city of the Middle East that since 1967 has been wholly under the rule of the State of Israel. It is now the site of the Dome of the Rock, the iconic gold-domed Islamic mosque completed in A.D. 691. Why was the ancient city of Cahokia abandoned? Many Christians visit at Easter, in either March or April. Corrections? Learn more about the city’s history and culture in this article. How to breed a climate resilient sunflower? About two-thirds of the population was born in Israel. Americans want more renewable energy. Jerusalem is important to the Jewish people because it is Ir Ha-Kodesh (the Holy City), the Biblical Zion, the City of David, the site of Solomon's Temple, and the eternal capital of the Israelite nation. The Temple Mount, a large stone plaza in Old City, is the site of Judaism’s First Temple, built by King Solomon and destroyed in 587 B.C. This struggle often erupted in violence. Offshore wind is poised to take off in the U.S.—but it won’t be easy. It is bordered by Egypt on the west, Syria and Jordan on the east, and Lebanon on the north. Atlit. That’s positively modern-day compared with the city’s holiest sites. Grab a copy of our NEW encyclopedia for Kids! Long before the Israelites entered the Promised Land, the Jebusites lived securely within the walls of Jerusalem. Sunlight falling on the white and pink stone used for all construction gives even quite mundane buildings an aura of distinction. The scent of cooking and spices, the peal of church bells, the calls of muezzins from minarets, and the chanting of Jewish prayers at the Western (Wailing) Wall all add flavour to the life of the city. Ecotourism could help the ‘Amazon of North America’ recover. Israel and the Geography and History of the Ancient Near East. History of the Walls of Jerusalem . How well do you know the world’s capital cities? Photograph by Miriam Alster, Flash90/Redux. ABOUT THE CITY Jerusalem is a walled city: its walls are about 2.5 miles long, 40 feet tall, and 8 feet thick. A Muslim woman walks by the Dome of the Rock on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem, a religious site revered by both Muslims and Jews. Interesting fact: The Via Dolorosa commemorates the journey of Jesus through the city of Jerusalem. Personal protective equipment is made of plastic and isn't recyclable. The First Walls Were Built by the Canaanites . The City of Jerusalem is Israel’s largest city. Hadera. Etzion Bloc. Although Israel’s actions were repeatedly condemned by the UN and other bodies, Israel reaffirmed Jerusalem’s standing as its capital by promulgating a special law in 1980. She visited every country on Earth. Israel, slightly larger than Massachusetts, lies at the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea. The geography of Israel is very diverse, with desert conditions in the south, and snow-capped mountains in the north. Geography Jerusalem is 31° north of the Equator, which is about the same latitude as New Orleans and Shanghai. The solution isn’t complicated: Throw them away. Israel is a long wedge of land. Cana. These ants can shrink and regrow their brains. Women also enjoy full rights, like they … Now it’s being found everywhere on earth, including the oceans. Please be respectful of copyright. It was originally a home for the Ottoman Pasha Rabbah Effendi al-Husseini and his harem before becoming a Christian commune, and no two rooms are the same. JavaScript must be enabled in order to view this page. The city is divided into two components: West Jerusalem, or the New City, and East Jerusalem, or the Old City, annexed in 1967. Facts about Israel. The United Nations (UN) attempted to declare the city a corpus separatum (Latin: “separate entity”)—and, thus, avert further conflict—but the first Arab-Israeli war, in 1948, left Jerusalem divided into Israeli (west Jerusalem) and Jordanian (east Jerusalem) sectors. Access to many of the sites is subject to change due to holidays and political situations, so check before visiting. Jerusalem is mentioned several times in the Egyptian texts as Urusalimum (meaning foundation of the god Shalim” or “city of peace”). By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. It is bounded to the north by Lebanon, the northeast by Syria, the east by Jordan and the West Bank, and to the southwest by Egypt. The Mount of Olives is in the background. Jerusalem is a very old city. Ashdod. In this video I take you through an overview of the geography of Jerusalem. Citing rotten food, separating young cubs from their mothers, missing animals, and fraud, court cases aim to end the most exploitive practices. Please select which sections you would like to print: While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. It has special significance in Jewish religious tradition and parts of it have been declared a nature reserve. Jerusalem remains one of the most-conquered and claimed cities in global history. Interesting Facts about Jerusalem 1. The city remains a crucial fixture in the Jewish faith. Sylvia Earle and marine scientists work to protect our oceans’ ecosystem. Jerusalem. https://www.britannica.com/place/Jerusalem, Jerusalem - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Jerusalem - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Mount Meron is a mountain in Israel. History. It has fallen under the ownership and oversight of the Roman Empire, the British and the Ottomans, amongst others. JavaScript mus Walk the narrow, curving alleyways of … Can ‘community choice’ help them get it? All other Israelis come … Look to its ancient cousins. Understanding the geographical references in a particular biblical text can sometimes make a significant difference in understanding the point the author is making. JavaScript must be enabled in order to view this page. Later, as capital of Judah, Jerusalem was destroyed by Nebuchadnezzar II, the king of Babylon. The coastal plain runs parallel to the Mediterranean Sea and is composed of a sandy shoreline, bordered by stretches of fertile farmland extending up to 25 miles (40 km.) Many animals play dead—and not just to avoid getting eaten, Groundbreaking effort launched to decode whale language, This fish stuck in a disposable glove is a warning about the risks of COVID-19 litter, ‘Tiger King’ stars’ face scrutiny in court, How scientists found 'Nemo,' Australia's newest dancing spider, 51 years of environmental victories, in photos. What it’s like to kayak the most dangerous Great Lake. Category » Geography: Jerusalem Tel Aviv. Yet outside the walls Jerusalem is in every sense a modern city, with its network of streets and transportation, high-rise buildings, supermarkets, businesses, schools, restaurants, and coffeehouses. Jerusalem, the land of prophets and prophecies, was conquered several times throughout its history by different religious groups and others who recognized its importance. Pop. Praying by non-Muslims at the Temple Mount is prohibited. You’ll need to match them to their countries. The status of the city remained a central issue in the dispute between Israel and the Palestinian Arabs, who claim east Jerusalem as the capital of a future Palestinian state. Facts about Israel; the population, geography, history and economy. Jerusalem is truly a very special city. Geography. It is as narrow as 10 miles (26 km) in some areas and … Synagogues, churches, mosques, and dwellings in various styles make up the city’s unique architectural mosaic. The southern Negev region, which comprises almost half the total area, is … Bet Shemesh. is United Nations. It is the only spot God Himself graced with His continuing presence. The three religions intersect—and intertwine—in the maze of streets that run through Jerusalem’s Old City, ringed by a wall that dates back to the 16th century. What to Read Before You Go: My Promised Land: The Triumph and Tragedy of Israel by Avi Shalit is a 2013 award-winning book by an Israeli journalist exploring his conflicting feelings about Israel. Jerusalem is Israel's largest city, with an area of 48 square mi (126 square km) and a population of 657,500 (2000), of which 68 percent are Jewish and 32 percent mostly Arab. When leaving the Western Wall, it is traditional to walk away backward so as not to show the wall your back. Why a whale's world is a world of sound, Video Story, Copyright © 1996-2015 National Geographic Society, Copyright © 2015-2021 National Geographic Partners, LLC. Long an object of veneration and conflict, Jerusalem has been governed by an extended series of dynasties and states over centuries. The three religions intersect—and intertwine—in … Israel Geography – Regions Coastal Plain region- stretches from the Lebanese border in the north to Gaza (Aza in Hebrew) to the south, runs parallel to the Mediterranean Sea and is composed of a sandy shoreline, bordered by stretches of fertile farmland extending up to 40 km. Explore the cities of Jerusalem and Tel Aviv–Yafo, as well as the natural sites of the Dead Sea and the Red Canyon. Search Ducksters: Homework Animals Math History Biography Money and Finance Biography Artists Civil Rights Leaders Entrepreneurs Explorers Inventors and Scientists Women Leaders Famous People. Updates? In the past, the temple was used for the worship for the ancient Israelite and Jewish. (2016 est.) The ancient city of Jerusalem resonates deeply with three monotheistic religions: Christianity, Judaism, and Islam. No site in all of Scripture receives such constant and exalted praise as Jerusalem. Jerusalem plays a central role in the spiritual and emotional perspective of the three major monotheistic religions. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The geography of Israel is very diverse, with desert conditions in the south, and snow-capped mountains in the north. 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It has great importance for three religions: Judaism, Christianity and Islam.The Bible says King David, the second king of the Israel, took this city from pagans and settled his palace there.King Solomon, David's son and the next king, built the Temple in Jerusalem. The ancient city of Jerusalem resonates deeply with three monotheistic religions: Christianity, Judaism, and Islam. Jerusalem, Israel: General Facts about Jerusalem Jerusalem, by virtue of the number and diversity of people who have held it sacred, may be considered the most holy city in the world. Anti-Semitism Biography History Holocaust Israel Israel Education Myths & Facts Politics Religion Travel US & Israel Vital Stats Women. The rich religious and spiritual history of Jerusalem adds an extra dimension to a visit to Israel, where ancient sites and thriving cultures continue to draw modern-day visitors. Municipal law requires all structures to be covered in Jerusalem stone, preserving the historical look of the city. Beersheba. Unauthorized use is prohibited. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Geography >> Middle East >> Israel History and Timeline ** Source for population (2019 est.) Sign up for more inspiring photos, stories, and special offers from National Geographic. The Jewish holy days of Rosh Hashanah (New Year) and Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement) fall in either September or October and bring the country to a standstill. Area 49 square miles (126 square km). Students plan a menu for a religious ceremony in accordance with food rituals. This course will present the basic topography and major geographic regions of the Land of Israel, give an overview of important sites mentioned in the Here’s what she learned. All rights reserved, My Promised Land: The Triumph and Tragedy of Israel. PEOPLE & CULTURE. New research on Indian jumping ants shows they can undergo dramatic reversible changes previously unknown in insects. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. New clues rule out one theory. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Five of the 14 stations of the cross are actually found inside the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. Despite a rapidly changing demography, Jerusalem has retained a diverse and cosmopolitan character, particularly in the walled Old City with its Armenian, Christian, Jewish, and Muslim quarters: Arabs in traditional and modern attire; Christians, Western and Oriental, in their infinite variety of secular garb and monastic vestments; Jews in casual and Orthodox dress; and hosts of tourists combine in colourful, kaleidoscopic patterns. He Himself chose it to be His earthly home. Ein Hod. Facts about the Temple of Jerusalem elaborate the details about the series of structures in the Old City of Jerusalem. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The absence of vehicular traffic within most of the Old City helps preserve its special character. Where to Stay: More than a century old, the American Colony Hotel in Jerusalem is full of history and is where foreign journalists, diplomats, and a few notable celebrities have stayed. It is the only city God ever called “holy,” or “My city” (Isa 52:1; Neh 11:1). (25 miles) inland. Capital Facts for Jerusalem, Israel: Quick Reference. When to Go: Spring is a cool, dry time in most of Israel. is CIA World Factbook. All citizens in Israel, Jews and Arabs, enjoy full political rights. Long an object of veneration and conflict, the holy city of Jerusalem has been governed, both as a provincial town and a national capital, by an extended series of dynasties and states. Cultural Tip: The Temple Mount complex, Church of the Holy Sepulchre, and the Western Wall all require that visitors be dressed modestly. inland.. For all three faiths it is a holy city, a centre of pilgrimage, and an object of devotion. Bet Shean. Jerusalem takes audiences on an inspiring and breathtaking tour of one of the world's oldest and most enigmatic cities. The following year Israel declared the city its capital. JavaScript must be enabled in order to view this page. Jewish people pray towards the holy city, for example, daily. Christian sites include the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, which broke ground in A.D. 236 on the site of Jesus’s burial and resurrection. Time-lapse video of Jerusalem, Tel Aviv–Yafo, the Dead Sea, and the Red Canyon. city is about 37 miles away from the Mediterranean Sea and approximately 22 miles away from the Dead Sea which is considered to have the lowest altitude of any water body, a fact that has contributed to the water shortage that 788,100. In recognition of its central place in the traditions and histories of numerous peoples, the Old City was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1981. All rights reserved. The persistent mingling of Hebrew, Arabic, English, and other languages in the streets brings to mind the multicultural and political complexities of life in this revered city. How to stop discarded face masks from polluting the planet. In this quiz you’ll be presented with the names of 195 capital cities. Students analyze a variety of maps to create a map of Israel and the Palestinian territories’ physical geography, and reason about Jerusalem’s location. During the Six-Day War of 1967, the Jewish state occupied the Jordanian sector and shortly thereafter expanded the city boundaries—thereby annexing some areas of the West Bank previously held by the Jordanians—and extended its jurisdiction over the unified city. From singing competitions to food preferences, scientists are learning whales have cultural differences once thought to be unique to humans. It is the capital of the only kingdom God ever established among men. Israel is located at the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea in Western Asia. For Jews throughout the world it is the focus of age-old yearnings, a living proof of ancient grandeur and independence and a centre of national renaissance; for Christians it is the scene of Jesus’ agony and triumph; for Muslims it is the goal of the Prophet Muhammad’s mystic night journey and the site of one of Islam’s most sacred shrines. GDP (2011 est.) Here’s how. Bene Brak. Jerusalem Is the Most Beautiful City on Earth. The city walls and its fortress provided additional protection. Ever since the 19th century, when Jerusalem first became the focus of antiquarians and explorers, the complexity of studying so many superimposed ancient periods under the city, combined with the fact that so many of its important sites are inconveniently situated beneath buildings that are the focus of the thr… (For more information on the conflict between Israel and the Arabs, see Israel; Palestine; West Bank; Arab-Israeli wars.). Bet Zayit. Following World War II, the British withdrew from their mandate of Palestine, and the UN partitioned the area into Arab and Jewish states, an arrangement rejected by the Arabs. The city was blessed with natural valleys around it that made it easy to defend. Hebron. Capital landmarks: Dome of the Rock, Western Wall, Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Mount of Olives, Garden of Gethsemane, Yad Vashem memorial and the Tower of David museum. Omissions? Haifa Acre. Introduction. Its maritime plain is extremely fertile. 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