The tension erupted into the full-scale killings of the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre on August 24, 1572, and Henry escaped death with the help of his wife and his promise to convert to Catholicism. An unwelcome heir to the throne, Henri ruled over a kingdom plagued by religious civil war and political and economic instability. Henry IV book. Although Henry was baptized a Catholic, he was raised a Protestant following the death of his father in 1562. Prince Henry spent most of his early childhood in Béarn. Shortly before his death on August the 2nd, Henri III of France, named Henri III of Navarre as his successor. Despite converting to Catholicism after becoming king of France in 1589, Henry IV issued the Edict of Nantes to foster religious tolerance. Henry IV of France King of France. Despite his accomplishments, Henry IV endured multiple assassination attempts. Henry had just turned 13 when his mother brought him back to Béarn. Jeanne d’Albret took Henry to the new leader of the Protestant forces, Gaspard de Coligny, who gave the young prince his military education. Meanwhile, upon his mother’s death in June 1572, Prince Henry became king of Navarre and sovereign lord of Béarn. Henry IV (13 December 1553 – 14 May 1610), Henri-Quatre (French pronunciation: ​ [ɑ̃ʁiˈkatʁ]), also known by the epithet "Good King Henry", was King of Navarre (as Henry III) from 1572 to 1610 and King of France from 1589 to 1610. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Henry of Navarre acted boldly, defeating the army of Henry III in the crucial Battle of Coutras on Oct 20, 1587. In a macabre postscript, the head of Henry IV's embalmed body was reportedly lost after revolutionaries ransacked the Basilica in 1793. Formerly known as Henri of Navarre, he succeeded to the French throne with the extinction of House of Valois, at the death of Henry III of France. Henry IV was the first of the Bourbon dynasty. In 1572 Protestant Henry married his Catholic cousin Margaret of Valois to help solidify a peace between Catholic and Protestants during the French Wars of Religion. He lowered taxes on French citizens, made peace with the Ottoman Empire and opened up trade routes to East Asia. the son of Antoine de Bourbon, Duke of Vendôme and Queen Jeanne III of Navarre. Henry III was stabbed on August 1, 1589, and died the next day after declaring Henry of Navarre his successor. Henry IV Roy de France (NYPL b14140320-1638403).tiff 5,426 × 6,994; 108.58 MB Olivier de Serres Henri IV Le Théatre d'Agriculture et Mesnage des champs, 1605.jpg 512 × 752; 63 KB Original photo with iphone filters of where Henri IV stayed in the 16th century.jpg 2,592 × 1,936; 1.91 MB Henry, through his father, was in the sole legitimate line of descent from the Capetian kings of France. HENRI IV FRANCE / HENRI III NAVARRE 1553 - 1610 When King Henri III of France was assassinated in 1589, King Henri III of Navarre became King Henri IV of France. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. H.H. An arranged marriage to Margaret of Valois, daughter of Henry II and Catherine de' Medici, brought Parisian Catholics and visiting Huguenots together in an uneasy standoff. The Protestants were surprised and defeated near Jarnac on March 13, 1569, by the Duke d’Anjou, the future Henry III, and Condé was killed. In the autumn of 1567, he served as nominal head of a punitive expedition launched against the rebellious Roman Catholic gentry of lower Navarre, which ended in an easy victory. King Henri IV of France was the first French king of the House of Bourbon. Henry IV of France was the first Bourbon king of France. The long campaign through the ravaged provinces, extending from Poitou to the heart of Burgundy, forged in him the soldierly spirit that he would retain throughout his life and made him reflect on the disaster that had befallen the kingdom. French philosopher Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de la Brède et de Montesquieu, was a highly influential political thinker during the Age of Enlightenment. An unwelcome heir to the throne, Henri ruled over a kingdom plagued by religious civil … Write a review. Considered a usurper by Catholics and a traitor by Protestants, his charm and genuine care for the people's needs could not mollify his enemies. It was scarcely to be expected, however, that he would one day succeed to the throne of France, since Catherine de Médicis had already borne three sons to the reigning king, Henry II, and would soon bear him a fourth. Henry de Bourbon-Navarre was the son of Antoine de Bourbon, Duke de Vendôme, and Jeanne d’Albret, queen of Navarre from 1555. King Henri IV of France was the first French king of the House of Bourbon. In February 1576, however, he at last succeeded in escaping from the French court, whereupon he recanted and joined the combined forces of Protestants and Catholic rebels against Henry III. Henri IV (December 13, 1553 – May 14, 1610), also known by the epithet Good King Henri or Henri the Great, was King of Navarre (as Henri III) from 1572 and King of France from 1589 to 1610. (1553-1610), king of France, the son of Antoine de Bourbon, duke of Vendome, head of the younger branch of the Bourbons, descendant of Robert of Clermont, sixth son of St Louis and of Jeanne d'Albret, queen of Navarre, was born at Pau (Basses Pyrenees) on the 14th of December 1553. https://www.biography.com/royalty/henry-iv. King Henri III of France was the last of the Valois line of French Kings. He was succeeded by Queen Elizabeth II in 1952. Henry IV, also called (until 1572) Prince de Béarn, byname Henry of Navarre, or Henry of Bourbon, French Henri de Navarre, or Henry de Bourbon, (born Dec. 13, 1553, Pau, Béarn, Navarre [France]—died May 14, 1610, Paris, France), king of Navarre (as Henry III, 1572–89) and first Bourbon king of France (1589–1610), who, at the end of the Wars of Religion, abjured Protestantism and converted to Roman Catholicism (1593) in order to win Paris and reunify France. Henry IV’s ascendancy to the throne of France was mired with controversy. Careful to restrain his impatience, he hid his forceful personality from his detainers. This is a great book for a student coming to the topic for the first time. With the aid of such ministers as the Duke de Sully, he brought new prosperity to France. Holmes was the alias of one of America's first serial killers. He was the first monarch of the Bourbon branch of the Capetian dynasty in France . He was stabbed to death by a Catholic fanatic on May 14, 1610, and subsequently buried in the Basilica of Saint-Denis in Paris. Prior to that, he was known as Henry III of Navarre and ruled over the state from 1572 to 1610. Louis XVI was the last king of France (1774–92) in the line of Bourbon monarchs preceding the French Revolution of 1789. During the 1893 Columbian Exposition, he lured victims into his elaborate 'Murder Castle.'. Feb 25, 2013 Jan-Maat added it Shelves: 20th-century, france, early-modern-history, biographical. The head was passed among private collectors until it was tracked down in 2010 when a team of forensic medical examiners confirmed that it belonged to the former French king. Henry IV (13 December 1553 – 14 May 1610), Henri-Quatre, was King of France from 1589 to 1610 and King of Navarre from 1572 to 1610. His mother was Queen Joan III and Antoine de Bourbon the Duke of Vendome. Louis XVII was recognized by royalists as the King of France from 1793, when he was 8, until his death in 1795. He was married to Marie Antoinette and was executed for treason by guillotine in 1793. In order to strengthen the peace, a marriage was arranged between Prince Henry and Margaret of Valois of the French royal house. On the 1st of August 1589, the last of Marguerite's surviving brothers and last in the Valois line of Kings, Henri III of France was attacked by the fanatical monk Jacques Clement. Henry the Navigator, a 15th century Portuguese prince, helped usher in both the Age of Discovery and the Atlantic slave trade. HENRY IV. Pope Clement reversed Henry's excommunication and Henry brokered the Peace of Vervins between France and Spain on May 2, 1598. Henry IV, also called (until 1572) Prince de Béarn, byname Henry of Navarre, or Henry of Bourbon, French Henri de Navarre, or Henry de Bourbon, (born Dec. 13, 1553, Pau, Béarn, Navarre [France]—died May 14, 1610, Paris, France), king of Navarre (as Henry III, 1572–89) and first Bourbon king of France (1589–1610), who, at the end of the Wars of Religion, abjured Protestantism and converted to Roman … Henry IV of France, who ruled from 1589 till his death in 1610, was the first Bourbon monarch to sit on the throne of France. Omissions? Edward VIII became king of the United Kingdom following the death of his father, George V, but ruled for less than a year. Desc: Henry IV, also known by the epithet Good King Henry or Henry the Great, was King of Navarre from 1572 and King of France from 1589 to 1610.He was the first monarch of France from the House of Bourbon, a cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty. His conversion to Roman Catholicism was obviously of dubious sincerity, and he was therefore held for three-and-a-half years at the courts of Charles IX and then Henry III. Explore {{searchView.params.phrase}} by color family {{familyColorButtonText(colorFamily.name)}} henry iv (xxxl) - henri iv of france stock illustrations. George VI served as king of the United Kingdom during World War II and was an important symbolic leader. On August 18, 1572, he and Margaret were married in Paris, but on August 24 came the St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre, in which thousands of French Protestants were massacred by royal forces. He was the first monarch of France from the House of Bourbon, a cadet branch of the Capetian… However, the spread of civil war made him reflect on its disastrous effect on France. The first of the Bourbon kings of France, Henry IV brought unity and prosperity to the country after the ruinous 16th-century Wars of Religion. Born in 1553, in Pau, Kingdom of Navarre, now in France, Henri was the son of Queen Jeanne III of Navarre and Antoine de Bourbon, Duke de Vendôme. Before this he was King of Navarre, in South West France. Around that time, Henry also issued the Edict of Nantes, which confirmed Roman Catholicism as the state religion but granted religious freedom to Protestants. About the same time, he began his military education. to restore the kingdom's well-being and the monarchy's authority. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). From 1561 to 1567 he lived with his second cousins, the children of the king of France, among whom was his future wife Margaret. Pitts's biography is a solid, comprehensive academic study. King Henry IV of France. Henry’s mother, Jeanne d’Albret, held firm and announced her Calvinism in 1560. The Edict was a proclamation intended to impose peace between Protestants and Catholics in France after years of bloody war. HENRI IV OF FRANCE . Henry fought on the side of the Huguenots during the Wars of Religion and became the King of Navarre after his mother’s death. He restored France to peace, strong monarchy and stable government and set about reviving an interest in learning, the arts, as well as rending great public works when he … The situation brought about the War of the Three Henrys, pitting Henry against King Henry III of France and the staunchly Catholic Henry, Duke of Guise. Henry IV became heir to the French throne through his marriage to Margaret of Valois but was challenged during a time of religious strife. In 1562, the Massacre of Wassy, the event that started the French Religious … Prince Henri, Count of Chambord and Duke of Bordeaux (French: Henri Charles Ferdinand Marie Dieudonné d'Artois, duc de Bordeaux, comte de Chambord; 29 September 1820 – 24 August 1883) was disputedly King of France from 2 to 9 August 1830 as Henry V, although he was never officially proclaimed as such.Afterwards, he was the Legitimist pretender to the throne of France from 1844 … He was opposed by the Holy League, made up of Catholic aristocrats, and Pope Clement VIII, who excommunicated the French heir from the church. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Many persons, including Catherine de Médicis, hoped the civil war had come to an end. Henry of Navarre was born in Pau, France, on December 13, 1553. Henry distinguished himself and the experience forged a soldierly spirit within him. Vincent J. Pitts Vincent J. Pitts chronicles the life and times of one of France’s most remarkable kings in the first English-language biography of Henri IV to be published in twenty-five years. He was killed on May 14, 1610, in Paris, France. Henry became King Henry IV, but it would take a nine-year siege of Paris to secure his crown from the influence of the Holy League and Spanish interference. At a crucial age in his intellectual development, he was brought up in the strict principles of Protestantism. Once free, he displayed his sharp intellect and political acumen in his role as protector of the Protestant churches. Henry was born in Pau in the Kingdom of Navarre, which is in modern-day France. Browse 1,996 henri iv of france stock photos and images available, or start a new search to explore more stock photos and images. Why Famous: Henry IV was the first of the French Bourbon Kings, succeeding his cousin Henry III, the last of the Valois line in 1589. Henry IV of France was born in 1553 and died in 1610. He was born on December 13, 1553, in Pau, Kingdom of Navarre, now in France, the second of the five children and the second of the three sons of Queen Jeanne III of Navarre and Antoine de Bourbon, Duke de Vendôme.Although he was baptized in the Catholic Church, he was raised as a Protestant. He was part of the Capetian dynasty and … He converted to Catholicism, and after winning several key battles, Paris finally capitulated on March 22, 1594. Henry IV is considered one of the greatest kings of France and was instrumental in ending the French Wars Of Religion.A Calvinist, he converted to Catholicism to satisfy the wishes of 90% or more of the population of France. He … The French Wars of Religion are fascinating, and Henri IV was probably the central figure in the period, moving from persecuted Huguenot prince to the converted Catholic monarch who established peace. Henry IV (French: Henri IV; 13 December 1553 – 14 May 1610), also known by the epithet Good King Henry or Henry the Great, was King of Navarre (as Henry III) from 1572 and King of France … His common sense—one of his outstanding traits, except in love affairs—manifested itself when civil war broke out anew at the end of 1576. He abdicated the throne in order to marry his lover, Wallis Simpson, thereafter taking the title Duke of Windsor. Antoine de Bourbon temporarily allied himself with the Protestants but changed sides and was mortally wounded in battle against them. Despite converting to Catholicism after becoming … We strive for accuracy and fairness. Read 3 reviews from the world's largest community for readers. Peace was concluded in August 1570, and a very liberal edict was granted the Protestants. His Father Solved It. The marriage was publicly styled the “scarlet nuptials” because of the bloodshed. Henry VIII, king of England, was famously married six times and played a critical role in the English Reformation, turning his country into a Protestant nation. Henry then married the daughter The religious crisis between Roman Catholic and Protestant (Huguenot) forces was then coming to a head, leading to a long period of civil war. The area is an important aspect of the city today and the vision and legacy of one man, King Henry IV [1553-1610], the Great. Eventually, Spanish interference with French succession prompted Henry III to join forces with Henry of Navarre to take control of Paris and the French countryside. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Henry IV of France Henry IV (French: Henri IV; 13 December 1553 – 14 May 1610), also known by the epithet Good King Henry or Henry the Great, was King of Navarre (as Henry III) from 1572 and King of France from 1589 to 1610. If you see something that doesn't look right, contact us! Following the death of his mother in June 1572, Henry became king of Navarre. She was also a staunch advocate for women's rights. Henri IV of France: His Reign and Age by Vincent J. Pitts unfolds chronologically towards the assassination of Henri IV in 1610 to emphasise it as key moment in the development of the French monarchy, as well the reigns importance in the transition from the Valois to the Bourbon dynasty. Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz was a 17th century nun, self-taught scholar and acclaimed writer of the Latin American colonial period and the Hispanic Baroque. "use strict";(function(){var insertion=document.getElementById("citation-access-date");var date=new Date().toLocaleDateString(undefined,{month:"long",day:"numeric",year:"numeric"});insertion.parentElement.replaceChild(document.createTextNode(date),insertion)})(); Subscribe to the Biography newsletter to receive stories about the people who shaped our world and the stories that shaped their lives. Having united the kingdom and attained peace at home and abroad, Henry IV proceeded to bring prosperity back to France. In 1568 his mother put him into the charge of her brother-in-law Louis I de Bourbon, Prince de Condé, who was the leader of the Protestant forces. Ordered by his brother-in-law Charles IX to abjure his Protestant faith, Henry yielded. He also became notorious for his sexual exploits, taking on many lovers and earning the nickname "Le Vert Gallant" (The Gay Old Spark). Against them Duke of Windsor cadet branch of the French throne through his father, in! 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