The North Sea is bounded by the coastlines of England, Scotland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium and France, and by imaginary lines delimiting the western approaches to the Channel (5°W), the northern Atlantic between Scotland … Colin the Coastguard. The Walde Lighthouse is 6 km (4 mi) east of. It is Europe’s main fishing area, accounting for 5% of the international catch. Ship tracks of multibeam bathymetric surveys archived at NOAA NCEI. The map serves as a tool for performing scientific, engineering, marine geophysical and environmental studies, that are required in the development of energy and marine resources. The Romans established ports and bays in Britain to facilitate shipping and trade. Flamingos and pelicans were once found along the southern shores of the North Sea, but became extinct over the second millennium. The sea is one of the world's most utilized seas, with extensive fishing, shipping, power production, recreation, and defense. It has an average depth of 90 meters. F.(2009): Einführung in die Geomorphologie. [99], The OSPAR commission manages the OSPAR convention to counteract the harmful effects of human activity on wildlife in the North Sea, preserve endangered species, and provide environmental protection. [66] The dike slope reduces the energy of the incoming sea, so that the dike itself does not receive the full impact. The Vikings dominated the North Sea for the next 250 years, establishing colonies and outposts throughout the Sea’s coast. [65], Coastal management today consists of several levels. [109], The Viking Age began in 793 with the attack on Lindisfarne; for the next quarter-millennium the Vikings ruled the North Sea. Other islands include Karmøy, Sotra, Bømlo, Texel, Rømø, and Unst. [62], The modern form of the dikes supplemented by overflow and lateral diversion channels, began to appear in the 17th and 18th centuries, built in the Netherlands. [1] The Norwegian mountains plunge into the sea creating deep fjords and archipelagos. In areas especially vulnerable to storm surges, people settled behind elevated levees and on natural areas of high ground such as spits and geestland. [82][83] Since the start of the Quaternary period about 2.6 million years ago, the eustatic sea level has fallen during each glacial period and then risen again. [93], Due to the heavy human populations and high level of industrialization along its shores, the wildlife of the North Sea has suffered from pollution, overhunting, and overfishing. 393 S. telephonical advice by Mrs. Piechotta, head of department of hydrology, Nautic Administration for Bremen (, See Ziegler (1990) or Glennie (1998) for the development of the paleogeography around the North Sea area from the Jurassic onwards, It was, incidentally, the home of several, CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, List of rivers discharging into the North Sea, the rivers discharging into the North Sea, List of oil and gas fields of the North Sea, List of offshore wind farms in the North Sea, transnational power grid in the North Sea, fourth busiest port in the world by tonnage, "Limits in the seas: North Sea continental shelf boundaries", "North Sea cod 'could disappear' even if fishing outlawed", "Global Warming Triggers North Sea Temperature Rise", "Physical Properties of Sea Water and their Distribution Annual: Variation in Surface Salinity", "Tide Times and Tide Chart for Antwerpen", "Tide Times and Tide Chart for Rotterdam", "Katwijk aan Zee Tide Times & Tide Charts", "Tide Times and Tide Chart for Den Helder", "Tide Times and Tide Chart for Harlingen", "Tide Times and Tide Chart for Wilhelmshaven", "Tide Times and Tide Chart for Bremerhaven", "Gezeitenkalender für Bremen, Oslebshausen, Germany (Tidenkalender) – und viele weitere Orte", "Tide Times and Tide Chart for Westerland", "Tide Times and Tide Chart for Esbjerg, Denmark", Vannstand – Norwegian official maritime Information → English version, "Development of the East Riding Coastline", Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic, "North Sea Protection Works – Seven Modern Wonders of World", "Science around us: Flexible covering protects imperiled dikes – BASF – The Chemical Company – Corporate Website", "Social, economical and political impact of Weather", "scinexx | Der Untergang: Die Grote Manndränke – Rungholt Nordsee", "Tidal Waves in Europe? [87], The coasts of the North Sea are home to nature reserves including the Ythan Estuary, Fowlsheugh Nature Preserve, and Farne Islands in the UK and the Wadden Sea National Parks in Denmark, Germany and the Netherlands. 1408. North Atlantic right whales, sturgeon, shad, rays, skates, salmon, and other species were common in the North Sea until the 20th century, when numbers declined due to overfishing. [144] Besides saleable fish, it is estimated that one million tonnes of unmarketable by-catch is caught and discarded to die each year. Bank and Noordhinder Bank three Anglo-Dutch Wars between 1652 and 1673, which turn! Oil rigs, the North Sea experiences an oceanic temperate maritime climate, characterized by high... Watersheds, as well as provided a major fishery and animal species has declined... Shallow Sea has a population of about 17,000 people photos and original descriptions © 2021.! 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