The prisoners were marched in the direction of Lauenburg in eastern Germany. Thousands of SS guards were granted transfers from camps to field service, said Stefan Hrdler, yet Dey had remained at Stutthof until April 1945. Those whom the SS guards judged too weak or sick to work were gassed. At the Auschwitz trial in Krakow, in 1947, Mandl was declared a war criminal and was executed by hanging on Jan. 24, 1948. [37] On 23 July 2020, he was given a two-year suspended sentence by the court in Hamburg. Millions of people suffered and died or were killed. Arraigned 24 ex-officials and guards of the Stutthof concentration camp were judged and found guilty. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. In September 1939, the Germans established the Stutthof camp in a wooded area west of Stutthof (Sztutowo), a town about 22 miles east of Danzig (Gdansk). The 99-year-old was under investigation over suspected complicity in the murders that took place at the Ravensbrck Nazi concentration camp, where tens of thousands of women were killed. "You did not seek a way out," the judge said. Sign up here. Nazi concentration camp in present-day Sztutowo, Poland, "Stutthof" redirects here. I met her in the field and did not manage to get out of her way in time. The girl was later declared dead by camp doctors. In 1943, the camp was enlarged and a new camp was constructed alongside the earlier one. Most of the original detainees were local Poles and Jews when Stutthof was. In November 1941, it became a "labor education" camp, administered by the German Security Police. [3], The camp was established in connection with the ethnic cleansing project that included the liquidation of Polish elites (members of the intelligentsia, religious and political leaders) in the Danzig area and Western Prussia.[1]. from. [2], Nine SS men and the Kapo Nikolaysen were executed on October 28, 1948:[4], The third trial was held from November 5, 1947, to November 10, 1947, before a Polish Special Criminal Court. Stutthof Concentration Camp. Luxury Car Tours. Established on September 2, 1939, Stutthof was the first concentration camp outside German borders during World War II. had worked as a secretary at the Stutthof concentration camp was charged with . The selection process for these guards was lax. [7], On 5 May 1945, a barge full of starving prisoners was towed into harbour at Klintholm Havn in Denmark where 351 of the 370 on board were saved. [23] The corpses used for this were not made from "harvested" bodies, and the byproduct of Spanner's work at the Danzig institute was collected. [2], The first Polish war crimes tribunal was convened at Gdask, Poland, from April 25, 1946 to May 31, 1946. It was in 1943 that Stutthof's population of detainees was dramatically enlarged, from a capacity of 4,000 to 25,000. Last modified on Tue 6 Nov 2018 18.34 EST. Stutthof was a concentration camp in an isolated, marshy, and forested region near the village of Stutthof east of Danzig. The fourth and final trial was also held before a Polish Special Criminal Court, from 19 November to 29 November 1947. But the few that took pleasure from the horrors within the walls of the camps proved the female of the species really can be deadlier than the male. Anyone marching who didn't have the strength was shot," said Mr Goldberg. It is also the last camp liberated by the Allies (May 10th 1945). Ackermann, who delivered the lamp, said that its base was made from a human foot and shinbone and the shade had tattoos and even nipples. Here we look at the horrendous role these guards - known as Aufseherins, or female overseers - played during the War. The camp in Nazi-occupied Poland was opened on September 2, 1939, one day after the German . Cut off by advancing Soviet forces the Germans forced the surviving prisoners back to Stutthof. Bothe was sentenced to 10 years in prison for war crimes. Camp's Commandant Johann Pauls - death by hanging 2. [17][3] Prisoners were also drowned in mud or clubbed to death. Others labored in local brickyards, in private industrial enterprises, in agriculture, or in the camp's own workshops. It was not until 2017 that he returned to Stutthof as part of a visit by the Prince and Princess of Wales and discovered to his surprise that the camp's gas chambers were still intact. 1939). Jenny-Wanda Barkmann was born in Hamburg in 1921. Erected in 1939, it saw two horrific epidemics of typhus kill thousands of its already dying population in 1942 and 1944. [2][5], The fourth trial was also held before a Polish Special Criminal Court, from November 19, 1947, to November 29, 1947. [12], The first 150 inmates, imprisoned on 2 September 1939, were selected among Poles and Jews arrested in Danzig immediately after the outbreak of war. The second trial was held from October 8, 1947, to October 31, 1947, before a Polish Special Criminal Court. [33] In February 2019 the trial of a defendant matching this description (whom Reuters reported could not be named for legal reasons) was halted after a medical report was issued stating that the defendant was unfit to stand trial, the trial already having been suspended since the previous December. If I ever meet up with you I WILL kill you. Standing at 6ft 3in, Hertha Botte was an imposing figure, who also stood out from other SS guards because she wore civilian clothing instead of the hated uniform. Now 97, she has been found guilty of aiding and abetting the murders of more than 10,500 detainees. The original camp (known as the old camp) was surrounded by barbed-wire fences. A 97-year-old former secretary to the SS commander of Nazi Germany's Stutthof concentration camp has been found guilty of being an accessory to 10,505 murders. Check out our SECOND CHANNEL TheFortress for a new video EVERY DAY! Not all of the Stutthof camp remains and the site is now a memorial. "We were beaten constantly, the whole time, even while working," Koryski told the Hamburg District Court. Barkmann, Paradies, Becker, Klaff, Steinhoff (left to right) executed Jenny-Wanda Barkmann (c.1922 - July 4, 1946) was a Nazi concentration camp guard. RIDING through the grounds of Buchenwald concentration camp in Germany, Ilse Koch spotted a tattooed prisoner and pointed him out to a nearby guard - sealing his gruesome fate. Like many of his fellow inmates, the man would be murdered and stripped of his skin - which would be used to make a lampshade in Kochs home. Headsman, you ought to investigate this nutter above who is issuing death threats on your site. You excuses for human beings are no better than you accuse the National Socialists of being. As the wife of Commandant SS Col Karl Koch, Isle Kochs extreme sadism meant she was as feared as any of the Nazi leaders. [1] 4,000 prisoners, including Jewish women and children, were killed in a gas chamber before the evacuation of the camp. Eventually, the Stutthof camp system became a network of forced-labor camps. It was surrounded by electrified barbed-wire fences. [41], In 1999, Artur mijewski filmed a group of nude people playing tag in one of the Stutthof gas chambers, sparking outrage.[42][43][44]. Further in the background is the guard SS-Oberscharfhrer Johann Pauls and several Polish kapos. Basic Information", "Review of Profesor Rudolf Spanner 1895-1960. At Auschwitz she would pick kids as pets, with one survivor recalling how she dressed one in fine clothing, parading it around like a puppet - only to send the child to the gas chamber when she got bored. "I was told by the museum that the Nazis laid explosives around the buildings and set them on a timer to explode after they had evacuated, but the timer malfunctioned. The evacuation of prisoners from the Stutthof camp system in northern Poland began in January 1945. [7][18], There was a controversy regarding whether corpses from Stutthof were used in the production of soap made from human corpses at the lab of Professor Rudolf Spanner. We would like to thank Crown Family Philanthropies and the Abe and Ida Cooper Foundation for supporting the ongoing work to create content and resources for the Holocaust Encyclopedia. Semkw states that the presence of human fat tissue has been confirmed in the samples of soapy grease (claimed to be "unfinished soap"[23]) from Danzig presented during the trials through analysis performed by the IPN and Gdask University of Technology in 2011[24][25] and 2006,[26][27] respectively, but his and Tomkiewicz research concluded that this was a byproduct stemming from Spanner's work in bone maceration at the institute unrelated to the Stutthof camp. As Soviet forces closed in on Stutthof in late April 1945, the Nazis decided to abandon the camp and sent the remaining inmates on a death march. The 92-year-old Israeli citizentraveled to Germany to give evidence in the trial of Bruno D., a former SS private accused of 5,230 counts of being an accessory to murderat Stutthof from 1944 to 1945. Arraigned 27 ex-officials and guards were judged; 26 were found guilty, and one was acquitted. It was claimed that she beat women inmates to death and whipped others to within an inch of their lives using a plaited cellophane whip, a belt and a walking stick. (06.11.2018), The man is accused of being complicit in the deaths of 5,230 inmates during a period of almost a year working as a guard at the Stutthof concentration camp. Images in the news broadcasts concealed his face for legal reasons. SS-Sturmbannfhrer Max Pauly was put on trial by a British military court in Germany but not for the crimes committed at Stutthof; only as the commandant of the Neuengamme concentration camp in Hamburg. Set up immediately upon Germany's September 1, 1939 invasion of Poland and not liberated until after official German capitulation in 1945, Stutthoff handled over 100,000 prisoners during its long service. Naukowiec w III Rzeszy [Professor Rudolf Spanner 1895-1960: A Scientist in the Third Reich], Piotr Semkw", Soap from Human Fat: The Case of Professor Spanner, "The Danzig Soap Case: Facts and Legends around "Professor Spanner" and the Danzig Anatomic Institute 1944-1945", "Zakoczono ledztwo w gonej "sprawie profesora Spannera", "Human Fat Was Used to Produce Soap in Gdansk during the War", "Stutthof (Sztutowo): Full Listing of Camps, Poland", "Holocaust trial: Germany tries former SS guard at Stutthof camp", "Johann Rehbogen: Former SS guard, 94, on trial over deaths at Stutthof concentration camp", "German court stops trial of former death-camp guard", "German court: Trial of Nazi guard unlikely to be restarted", "Former Nazi camp guard to go on trial in Hamburg", "Nazi concentration camp guard convicted over 5,232 murders", "96-Year-Old Former Nazi Death Camp Secretary Goes on Trial Over Murders of 11,000 People - October 20, 2021", "German Court to Try 96-Year-Old Over Time at Nazi Concentration Camp", "German Court Convicts 97-Year-Old Ex-Secretary At Nazi Camp - December 20, 2022", "Poland asked to explain naked Nazi gas chamber video", "Outrage Over Naked Game of Tag Played in Nazi Gas Chamber", "Outrage Over Museum's Video-Art Display of a Nude Game of Tag in Gas Chamber", Stutthof National Museum. There she became known as the "Sadist of Stutthof" due to her brutal beatings of prisoners. Nevertheless, Pauly was executed in 1946. Thousands were taken to the Baltic Sea where they were executed, and many more were killed by the brutal SS guards and officers. Though there is no evidence linking him to a specific killing, prosecutors argue that as a guard he helped the camp function and "supported the insidious and cruel killing of mainly Jewish prisoners.". Former farmworker Irma Grese had wanted to become a nurse but, at 17, the labour exchange sent her to work at Ravensbrck concentration camp - which held 132,000 women throughout the war. The Stutthof concentration camp in Poland. She called. 2023 BBC. Dey was sentenced to two years in prison. A former SS guard wept in the dock on the first day of his trial for complicity in mass murder at a Nazi concentration camp during the second world war . His testimony is part of a court case against a 93-year-old former guard. Ilse also had a deadly fascination for tattoos and, at a later trial for war crimes, witnesses said she selected men with the best body art for slaughter - turning their skin into lampshades and book covers. During the Second World War, there were a huge network of concentration camps established by the Third Reich. Among the 55,000 guards at the concentration camps, 10,000 were women and they were trained to be every bit as vicious as their male counterparts. The SS in Stutthof began conscripting women from Danzig and the surrounding cities in June 1944, to train as camp guards because of their severe shortage after the women's subcamp of Stutthof called Bromberg-Ost (Konzentrationslager Bromberg-Ost) was set up in the city of Bydgoszcz. At the age of 24, she accompanied a death march of women from central Poland to Bergen-Belsen. Such marches became common, as the Nazis sought to erase evidence of their crimes, and many of the detainees were killed as the war neared its end. She is believed to have spent her childhood in Hamburg, Germany. Hitler shot his brains out in despair. In December, a 97-year-old former Nazi camp secretary was found guilty of being complicit in the murder of over 10,000 people at the Stutthof concentration camp that was located in occupied Poland. Even then, she continued kicking me, then walked away and left me there.. Again, hundreds of prisoners were forced into the sea and shot. Although Bruno D. is 93, he is being tried in a juvenile court because he was 17 in August 1944 when he started working as a guard at Stutthof, set up by the Nazis in the territory of the former Free City of Danzig, now known as Gdansk and part of modern Poland. The first Nazi war criminal to be extradited from the US, in 1973, Hermine Braunstein was known as the Kobyla - meaning stomping mare - because of her tendency to kick women to death with her steel-capped boots. In December, a 97-year-old former Nazi camp secretary was found guilty of being complicit in the murder of over 10,000 people at the Stutthof concentration camp that was located in occupied Poland. Although the guards at Stutthof were already expected to treat the prisoners ruthlessly, Jenny Barkmann stood out for her exceptional cruelty. The land was very wet, almost at sea level. She was also notorious for beating inmates unconscious, often with a rubber truncheon, and she once pushed an old lady down a flight of stairs, killing her instantly. The man had . On this date in 1946, officials of Soviet-occupied Poland publicly hanged eleven convicted war criminals of the Stutthof concentration camp. Frankly, a nice sight. Several thousand prisoners were directed towards the nearby Baltic coast and hundreds were forced into the sea and shot. Initially, in Auschwitz, the camp numbers were sewn on the clothes; with the increased death rate, it became difficult to identify corpses, since clothes were removed from corpses.Therefore, the medical personnel started to write the numbers . Thirty-four female guards including Becker, Bothe, Steinhoff, Paradies, and Barkmann were identified later as having committed crimes against humanity. I PROMISE. SS-Aufseherin Elisabeth Becker - death by hanging 4. At her 1945 trial, survivor Dora Silverberg testified that Juana knocked her teeth out when she reported that her friend was very sick and couldnt walk to the working site because she was so weak. Often low paid workers who took the roles to earn more cash, they were trained at the all-women Ravensbruck camp, in Northern Germany, where they became hardened to the cruel torture of inmates and learned to administer punishments with boots, truncheons, whips and riding crops. After being tracked down by Nazi hunter Simon Weisenthal, in 1973, she was retried and jailed for life by a Dusseldorf court. Detainees had to walk the long distance towards Germany as the Nazi Eastern Front crumbled. She committed suicide in 1967. The camp is east of modern-day Gdansk and a short walk from the sea. Read more:Poland moves to make it illegal to say 'Polish death camps'. Arraigned 20 ex-officials and guards were judged; nineteen were found guilty, and one was acquitted. Koryski told the court it "was no secret" that people were being killed in the camp's gas chamberbefore being burned, because of the smell that spread through the barracks. Edited by G. ukomski, G. Kucharski. More than 60,000 people died in the camp.

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