Sau v vic gy rng ng non sng Hn Quc, c nh b Na Young bt buc chu nhng tn thng ln c v th xc vi tinh thn. Crowds gathered to protest the release of Cho who served a reduced sentence of 12 years, The #MeToo movement took hold in South Korea in 2018, More than 600,000 people have signed a petition asking for a retrial, There is criticism that the legal system does little to take victims into consideration, Russian minister laughed at for Ukraine war claims. However, the provision remains despite growing calls for abolition, and the judgment of "drunkenness" has continued at the discretion of the court. [17], Director Lee Joon-ik had retired briefly from the local film industry following the lackluster commercial performance of his previous effort Battlefield Heroes (2011). The friends here understand me and help me a lot., Heartbreaking Nayoungs father is willing to go into debt to pay the infamous child sex offender Cho Doo Soon to move out of Ansan, This male actor earned his living by doing demolition work since he has no job for a year, A Rising actor suddenly passed away at the age of 25 from a heart attack. In July, a local court rejected a US request to extradite him. 39 of 39 found this interesting | Share this The victims father explained, Our family cant joyfully watch TV together anymore. However, Yoon Jung-Sook, from the Korean Institute of Criminology, said that "because it's impossible to isolate these criminals from our society forever, the criminal system must ensure that they reform when they return". The victims father tried to convince the victim to move away from Ansan and told her this is a terrible place. There were times when the bowel pouch would pop during class. A study by Singapore-based research company ValueChampion has found that Indonesia is the second-most dangerous country for women in the Asia Pacific region, https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/2020/12/13/national/socialAffairs/Cho-Doosoon-Nayoung-rape/20201213181000542.html, https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/12/world/asia/south-korea-rapist-cho-doo-soon.html, https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/south-korea-child-rapist-cho-doo-soon-protesters-eggs-13756164, https://www.thestar.com.my/aseanplus/aseanplus-news/2020/12/15/rapists-release-sparks-outrage, http://komnasperempuan.go.id/file/pdf_file/2020/Catatan%20Tahunan%20Kekerasan%20Terhadap%20Perempuan%202020.pdf. The Nayoung Case is an incident that took place in December 2008, in which an eight-year-old girl (alias Nayoung) was on her way to school when she was kidnapped by 57-year-old Cho Doo Soon, who was drunk at the time. B tranh u tin Na-oung l hnh nh Jo Du-un, k hip dm b, b nh nht trong lim gin hut. His probation officer will also be able to make random visits to his home. Her parents found Na-young near death, and she was taken to a local hospital where after an eight-hour surgery, she had a prolonged stay in the intensive care unit. The Cho Doo-soon Case refers to an assault that took place in December 2008, in which an eight-year-old girl known only as Na-young was on her way to school when she was kidnapped by 57-year-old Cho Doo-soon, who was drunk at the time. How have people written about the torture,, You missed Patricia's "theory" of a lesbian crime of passion involving Gaia, Mirian and the french girl they met in, We are the home of true crimeMade with in Brazil. It was reported that Nayoung and her family has plans on moving, but nothing has been confirmed about the move. [19] After news of his sentencing was released, many petitions were left on the Blue House's website calling for a retrial. Please have strength. Cho was originally sentenced to life in prison , but after Nayoung testified that he smelled of alcohol, his sentence was reduced to 12 years in prison, since he was not conscious while committing the crime.. At this point she tells her father that the bad man needed to be caught, and said everything she remembered with great difficulty to open her lips. Notorious child rapist Cho Doo-soon, 69, was attacked at his home by a vigilante, police said, Friday. 12 tahun lalu, tepatnya 11 Desember pagi, seorang gadis kecil berusia delapan tahun tengah berjalan menuju sekolah di Ansan, sebelah barat daya Seoul, diculik seorang residivis, Cho Doo-soon,. [11][12] Na-young was found by her neighbors and was taken to a hospital. [20] Cho said "I am sorry for my crimes, and if I am released, I will live quietly without causing controversy. Cho struck her in the face several times, bit her cheek, strangled and held her head underwater until she fainted before assaulting her. He has already applied for financial support for the business, through a program that helps former inmates find new means of living. Some journalists who covered the case said that the girls intestines started coming out of her anus during the rape, and the perpetrator put them back inside to continue the act. Khng mun ni hun, hu h biu t m a mnh qua tranh . The case shocked the country by the serious consequences of the victim. Slightly. I hear that Cho Doo Soon is coming back near our home. Gio Han Seok-ju thu Bnh in Tr em Seerane ngh tr tip phu thut ph hi hu mn ho Na-oung. If I move and attend a new school, how many new friends could I make? They will be back.". He dragged the victim, a second-grader in elementary school, to a public bathroom, and committed heinous actions. Rep. Jung Choun-sook of DP has also proposed a bill aimed at strengthening restraining orders from a 100m away from schools and playgrounds to 1km. You think youre hardened to a degree when it comes to these sorts of things after hearing so many, but nup. 12 years Is not enough after the physical and mental damage he has caused the girl. The name Cho Doo-Soon trended as a search term on portal site Naver earlier this week, when daily newspaper Joongang Ilbo released a recent interview with Nayoungs father, whose name remains unknown. Dong-hoon resumes work but also finds the time to dress up as Cocomong and accompany So-won on her way to and from school. Hc Ct Ta Lng Ch Mo Ra Lm G? There also needs to be much more to support victims, says Na-young's father. [19] Throughout the filming, Sol stayed in character as So-won's father, wearing his character's clothes all the time. Why Alex Murdaugh was spared the death penalty, Why Trudeau is facing calls for a public inquiry, The shocking legacy of the Dutch 'Hunger Winter'. Needless to say, although Nayoung survived thankfully, her body was beyond repair and suffers permanent damage even today. Song Dae-ik, a 27-year-old YouTuber known for gaming videos and silly antics, had pledged to beat up notorious child rapist Cho Doo-soon the day Cho was released from prison after serving a 12 . She and her parents are soon comforted as they notice that the local community has decorated their home with notes of encouragement. The family leaves the courtroom with little closure. Cho Doo-soons lawyer was working with the theory that he was an alcoholic man, and when he was under the influence of the substance he lost his memory about his actions. The Cho Doo-soon Case refers to an assault that took place in Ansan, South-Korea, in December 2008, in which an eight-year-old girl known only as Na-young (pseudonym) was kidnapped and raped by Cho Doo-soon, a 56-year-old male, in a bathroom inside a church. I am going to present a human drama where hope blooms at the edge of unhappiness and desperation, after a series of ordeals and hardships. Ngi bn nh on gi, ha kh i: "Na-oung it th m n n tt nhng ai hm gip on b trong thi gian qua". But her father said it would make them "feel more anxious", and the family has refused to use it. Vo thng 9, Na-oung qut nh i h thm mthagon(trung tm lun thi mn ton dnh ho h inh Hn Qu). That is why my daughter cant watch the news at all. The film also received a lot of criticism for making profit out of someone's tragedy and bringing attention to someone who wants to live a quiet life. The Cho Doo-soon Case refers to an assault that took place in Ansan, South-Korea, in December 2008, in which an eight-year-old girl known only as Na-young was kidnapped and raped by Cho Doo-soon, a 56-year-old male, in a bathroom inside a church. This incident is making the people angry and the father of the little girl Nayoung (the victim) is doing everything he can to not return near his family home. | seoulbeats", "Ali Criticized Due to Her Song on Sexual Assault Case", "S. Korea Prepares to Prevent Recidivism by Convicted Child Rapist Cho Doo-soon", "What you need to know about notorious child rapist Cho Doo-soon", "Notorious child rapist returns home in Ansan after being released from prison", "Cho Doo-soon said to return to Ansan and his wife "love and trust" | tellerreport.com", "Despite ankle monitors, ex-cons fly under the radar", "South Korea: Child rapist's release sparks demand for change", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cho_Doo-soon_case&oldid=1137085449, This page was last edited on 2 February 2023, at 18:43. Ti gii thiu bn thn mt b ng . Hong Kong-based major financing and distribution company EDKO commented on the film as "a warm and considerate account of a highly controversial subject matter. So-won is unaware of who is underneath the costume, but she opens up to "Cocomong" and allows him to give her a hug. Na-Yeong's case is an illustration not only of the unjust nature of sentencing practices in South Korea, but also of the sexism that pervades South Korean society, as exemplified by the gender inequality that puts women at perpetual risk of being assaulted and then unable to find justice in court. 2. 1975 tui con g? So-won exhibits symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder and briefly mistakes her father for her attacker, screaming at him as he tries to fix her colostomy bag. When the reporters converge at the hospital, Dong-hoon takes So-won to a different room and hides her from the media attention. Lee Geum-soon, an official from the Department of Sexual Protection for Children and Teens at the Ministry of Gender Equality and Family, told Korea Expos there has been no official research about the cause of the increase. The victim stated, I became handicapped. Hn Quc Mt thanh nin t nhp nh ring ca Cho Doo-soon, k u dm kht ting ti thnh ph Ansan, ri ba p vo u "trng pht" ng ny.. Cnh st Hn Quc hm nay cho bit k tn cng ngoi 20 tui m 16/12 xng vo nh ca Cho Doo-soon ti thnh ph Ansan, tnh . After raping 8-year-old Nayoung (pen name) in a public squat toilet, he tried to strangle her and eventually held her underwater so she would lose consciousness. V i hn ng hun th thnh b phim "Hope". Soon she had emergency surgery. Cha a Na-oung ho bit: "Lng tt quan tm a mi ngi u on gi ti". ", Additional reporting by BBC Korean's William Lee, Australia saves 46 victims of 'child abuse ring', Hundreds fall victim to Korea spycam porn, Online child abuse rising during lockdown, Street fighting in Bakhmut but Russia not in control, Russian minister laughed at for Ukraine war claims. a significant increase in child sexual assault between 2010 to 2015, although rape cases decreased. "[10] While married, Cho committed 11 out of his 18 total crimes. [22] Na-young also suffered from depression and mental stress after the attack. The case shocked the country by the serious consequences of the victim. The victims homeroom teacher would always prepare a dark plastic bag so that she can clean up the bowel pouch that had exploded. You can search up the case (Cho Doo Soon Case on Wiki) but viewer discretion is advised as it's seriously vulgar. The family were also afraid of exposing their identities by moving. Nayoung had injuries to her internal organs, and was taken to a hospital, surviving the incident. Netizens are highly protesting against his return to Ansan, as well as his business plans. Cha m Na-oung mun em theo h mt ngi trng mi nhng b ni khng n. Cho Doo-soon was released on December 13, 2020, and returned to live with his wife 1km from the victims family. And I gained the courage to think that I could try it."[20]. Choi Joon Hee (Choi Jin Sils daughter) released a shock series of photos right after the plastic surgery! Saat itu seorang anak cewek berusia 8 tahun yang dikenal dengan nama Nayoung diculik dan diperkosa oleh Cho Doosoon yang diketahui sedang mabuk. Pada 12 Desember 2020, pihak kepolisan membebaskan Cho Doo-Soon (69) dari . The case of the 28-year-old actress model Abby Choi: Police find her severed head in soup pot!. Because he was deemed feeble-minded, he was sentenced to 2 years and admitted into a psychiatric hospital. Soon, her mental state improves and she realises that her father has been hiding underneath the costume the entire time. The family is worried about the upcoming trial as So-won has to testify against her attacker. He added that Na-young was reluctant to move because she did not want to leave her close friends. He was given leniency because of his young age and because it was a small-scale crime. The whole world hates them. ", "Making excuses instead of protecting society: The DONG-A ILBO", "Prevention Better than Cure for Victims of Child Sex Crimes", "Public on high alert over child sex crimes: The DONG-A ILBO", "Based on infamous rape case, 'Wish' reopens old wounds", "Gov't ordered to compensate child rape victim", "In South Korea, Being Drunk Is a Legal Defense for Rape", "Brutal rape of 8 year old has nation up in arms", "Light jail term for children's rapist enrages Koreans", "Child rape case sparks calls for law revision in S.Korea", "Na-young recovering from rape | Asia News Politics, Media, Education", "South Korea seeks new laws after brutal rape of child", "Child rape victim wins compensation for prosecutors' reckless interviews", "A smile returning to Na-young's face after ordeal", "Singer Ali Reveals Traumatic Experience of Rape - The Chosun Ilbo (English Edition): Daily News from Korea", "ALi and Nayoungee: A Faux Pas? The rape case of an 8-year-old girl is rattling the nation. Bo Mt, Vai tr cc omega 3 i vi s pht trin ca tr no, Thng Hoa Cm Xc Cng C Cc Th Thao Shbet Team Ma WC 2022, Nhn nh soi ko M - X Wales World Cup 2h00 ngy 23/11, Hoa sen - Loi hoa hng sc biu tng cho Vit Nam. "Many years have passed but still nothing has changed. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. A case in. But they felt they had no other option. Professor Shin defined the brutal case as an attempted murder and criticized it as "an irresponsible act to let a violent criminal live in an apartment densely populated area." Nayoung's father . To write comments, please log in to one of the accounts. [14][15] Prosecutor-General Kim Joon-gyu later apologized to the family. Cho left evidence at the scene and still had her blood on himself when he was arrested. With Re Lee, Sol Kyung-gu, Uhm Ji-won, Kim Hae-sook. Back to South korea december 2008. [34] 71 security cameras will be placed around Ansan for the safety of residents who fear Cho's release. Khi a gi bt ho Na-oung, em bt u nhiu b tranh khng ni g. 2023 BBC. Na-young - not her real name - survived. Even just a while ago, our society hadnt quite normalized active reporting of sexual assault, she said. [36], "[Voice] How should Korea combat pedophilia? [20] She was told she would need to use a colostomy bag for the rest of her life[21] but underwent a successful surgery to implement an artificial anus. Cho was sentenced to 12 years in prison, and appealed on the grounds that the sentence was harsh, but his appeals were rejected. Prosecutors had demanded life imprisonment for Cho, and more than 400,000 angry netizens signed a petition at Internet portal site Daum calling for capital punishment. So-won's attacker is arrested at his home, and the case becomes a media sensation much to the horror of her family and friends. Her mother always accompanied her on the way to school. I want to say that the government did nothing but force the victim into hiding.. In 2008, Cho, then 57, violently raped an 8-year-old girl in Ansan, Gyeonggi Province. Abuso sexual infantil: El caso de Nayoung En diciembre de 2008, una pequea de 8 aos que ahora todos conocen con el seudnimo de Nayoung, se diriga a la escuela cuando un hombre de 57 aos llamado Cho Doo Soon la intercept, secuestr y arrastr hasta un bao pblico de una iglesia que quedaba en el camino. Cui nm, em 90 im trong bi kim tra a mnh. His defence argued he was drunk at the time of the incident. He dragged the victim, a second-grader in elementary school, to a public bathroom, and committed heinous actions. Cho, now 68, is responsible for one of the most infamous rape cases in Korea. In 1977, he was sentenced to 8 months in prison for habitual theft. Caso Criminal 2023 - All rights reserved. Laws to keep sex criminals like Cho away from facilities with kids and to keep him from being able to drink alcohol have also been suggested in response to this case. She received 13 million won in compensation because of violations against the interview policy for victims of sexual assault. The brother did it the parents covered it up. Na-young had injures to her internal organs, and was taken to a hospital, surviving the incident. The died of cancer because she knew. In 2011, the government paid 13 million wons in compensation to Nayoung for violations committed by the prosecution. This severely damaged the victim's body. Cho took her into ln a nh v sinh stall at a nearby church, strangled and beat her unconscious, then raped her. He claimed, "The special bill on life imprisonment for criminals who recommit sexual crimes against minors, which I introduced, aims to isolate those who recommit the same crime after release permanently from society." Nu thnh ng, b th tho b ti hu mn gi. About 61 percent of jail sentences were one to five years, and less than 10 percent more than 10 years. With this heartbreaking material, I wanted to make the film as happy as possible. A few months later the video of Nayoung identifying the criminal was challenged by the defense, which forced the girl to appear in court and make a new identification in the presence of a full jury. Notorious rapist Cho Doo-soon to return home after 12 years in prison - YouTube 0:00 / 5:43 Yonhap is funded in whole or in part by the Korean government. Vouher Buffet Hong Yn Biteo, Hong Yn Buffet Premier: Trang Ch. Nayoung was left with permanent damage to her lower abdomen and was told she would be permanently disabled. In 2008, what has come to be known as the Nayoung case shook the world. [12][13] Cho was incarcerated in a maximum security prison in North Gyeongsang Province. In 2008, Cho Doo Soon sexually assaulted 8-year-old "Nayoung" in a public toilet, later strangling her, holding her under water, and using a metal pipe to remove evidence of the assault from her body. Cho raped and beat Nayoung at a public squat toilet. This severely damaged the victim's body. Na-young's father has said that he would be willing to take out a loan to give money to Cho so Cho can leave Ansan. Can Nigeria's election result be overturned? They violated protocol in obtaining testimony from a minor by taping her in public. Women's rights activists say the failed extradition underscores the justice system's laxity toward sex offenders. This severely damaged the victim's body. Em b mt ngi n ng tn l Jo Doo Soon, 57 tui bt trn ng i h . The now 17-year-old Nayoung is a high school senior, her father said in the Joongang interview. Shooting began in Changwon on April 13, 2013. My heart goes out to the family of Nayoung and hope she is doing well in real life. It is a turning point in the process of investigating victims of sexual crimes against children and the human rights of victims. VideoRussian minister laughed at for Ukraine war claims, The children left behind in Cuba's mass exodus, Xi Jinping's power grab - and why it matters, Snow, Fire and Lights: Photos of the Week. A pesar que en su momento la sociedad exiga una pena de . More recently, it was made known through a past-colleague that he plans on opening a coffee business in the mountains near his house, together with his wife. Dong-hoon is heartbroken by this episode, and is further hurt when So-won refuses to look at him or speak to him. Cho Doo-Soon, the actual criminal behind the story is planned for release this year after serving his 12-year term in prison and lots of civilians have been fearing the idea of him roaming around the streets of Korea. Em bt u mi bn b ti nh hi. It was reported today that ALi made a personal visit to the parents of "Nayoung" over the weekend to apologize for the song, "Nayoungee," that mentions Nayoung's 2008 rape incident.Better known as the "Cho Doo Soon Case" in Korea for its brutality, Nayoung is the name of the eight-year old victim who was sexually assaulted by Cho Doo Soon at a local church in 2008. Nhng hnh nh trong tranh a em: him m mm mi ho him on, mt b o i rng r. Cho Doo-soon case (Q493587) child rape incident of South Korea at 2008 Nayoung case edit Statements instance of occurrence 0 references country South Korea 0 references location Gyeonggi 1 reference point in time December 2008 0 references number of injured 1 1 reference depicted by So Won 0 references Identifiers Freebase ID /m/0j9nyy0 Khi ti gp b ln u o hm 16, Na-oung trn au mt i t, i l li. After half an hour the girl was abandoned at the scene, completely bloodied and badly bruised, but still managed to make an emergency 911 call and was rescued. Saat hari pembebasannya, banyak warga Korsel yang tidak terima karena ia mendekam di penjara 'hanya . Kecederaan ini berlaku kerana cho doo son berusaha untuk menghilangkan bukti atas tindakan yang dia lakukan kepada Nayoung. The reduced sentence and subsequent release of a man convicted of brutally raping a child has raised fresh debate around South Korea's legal system, reports BBC Korean's David Oh. I love writing and I also love criminal cases, nothing better than combining business with pleasure. - Tin tc, hinh anh, video moi Cho Doo Soon ti Kenh14.vn The mother was in a state of shock, and the father took over the decisions. Cho raped and beat Nayoung at a public squat toilet. Chi Ph Bao Nhiu? Twelve years ago, on the morning of 11 December, an eight-year-old girl was walking to school in Ansan, south-west Seoul, when she was kidnapped by Cho Doo-soon, a 56-year-old ex-convict. l Beaten and strangled: He punched her face and stomach when she refused to take off her clothes. Lee Re gives an Oscar-worthy performance in Hope, masterfully representing moments of pain, suffering, trauma, and sadness, as well as childlike innocence, with a smile on her face when she sees her favorite character Kokomong, a kind of monkey that, according to the character herself, has no gender and if it does, it doesnt matter: its just Kokomong. A lower district court sentenced Cho to a 12-year jail term, citing his temporary loss of sound judgment due to inebriation, which was upheld by the Supreme Court in 2009. Cho Doo Soon Proceed with caution! Background information: It was a cold morning and 8 year old Nayoung was on her way to school.A man in his 50s saw her and was then dragged to the toilet of a Church where she was beaten. Ni Quy - His scheduled release is 13 December 2020, 12 years after his original offence. Better known as the "Cho Doo Soon Case" in Korea for its brutality, Nayoung is the name of the eight-year old victim who was sexually assaulted by Cho Doo Soon at a local church. Legal analysts say the justice system is changing but not enough. Colostomy: isan operation that creates an opening for the colon, or large intestine, through the abdomen. Unfortunately, the man is only sentenced to 12 years in prison, angering So-won's family and friends. You can read every article by subscribing! 7, Snowpiercer and The Face Reader. Jung also argued that the current legal system does very little to take victims situations into consideration. Read about our approach to external linking. Nayoung Case adalah kasus pemerkosaan dan disertai penganiayaan yang dialami oleh gadis cilik berusia delapan tahun. . The call comes at a time when sex crimes against children have been on the rise. Cho was sentenced to 12 years in prison, and appealed on the grounds that the sentence was harsh . [7] He dropped out of middle school and in 1970, he committed his first crime, stealing a bicycle. The case sparked outrage and protests involving Na-young's parents and many others. An updated 2016 data. Nayoungs father worked in a factory and her mother ran a small shop in front of the house while doing housework and raising her daughter. Cho Doo-soon, who was 57 when he was convicted in 2009 of raping an 8-year-old girl so violently that she was left with permanent internal injuries, is set to be released from prison on Saturday . 1. Video, Russian minister laughed at for Ukraine war claims, Huge rise in reports of online child abuse images, Harry: I always felt different to rest of family, US-made cheese can be called 'gruyere' - court, The children left behind in Cuba's exodus, AOC under investigation for Met Gala dress, Alex Murdaugh's legal troubles are far from over, Walkie Talkie architect Rafael Violy dies aged 78, Saving Private Ryan actor Tom Sizemore dies at 61. Lock him up forever.. he is a yuk of a man. Hope was sold to five Asian countriesJapan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Malaysia and Indonesia at the Asian Film Market during the 18th Busan International Film Festival. This severely damaged the victim's body. Ia dijatuhkan hukuman penjara selama 12 tahun karena telah memperkosa dan menyiksa seorang anak berusia 9 tahun hingga cacat seumur hidup. khng phi b tranh u tin bi Na-Young m mi ngi tng bit. By searching the title, publisher, or authors of guide you truly want, you can discover them rapidly. Yeo Woon-jae, a Ministry of Justice official from the department overseeing the cases of specific criminals, told Korea Expos that it is possible to keep criminals from entering spaces like schools or kindergartens, but that the specifics of Chos case remains uncertain until he is released and evaluated. C b rt thh h ton, im a em ng gn nh khng i o i thi im tr i ra. Dong-hoon is advised by a surgeon that So-won will have to wear a colostomy bag for the rest of her life. [32], Apart from accolades from critics and audiences for "its focus on family, heartfelt emotion and feel-good message,"[33] the film has also drawn criticism for "trying to turn one of the most infamous news stories in recent years into a maudlin piece of mass entertainment,"[4] and that "it is too idealistic in depicting how the family overcomes the assault,"[20] with some people questioning whether it was right to profit from such a horrible event, no matter the intentions of the filmmaker.[8]. The place quickly filled up with journalists, and parents of students began to panic. When the grey-haired convict arrived in a government van, escorted by parole officers, some angry protesters hurled eggs and kicked the vehicle. Namun, warga Korea Selatan yang tidak terima dengan hukuman yang diterima Cho, meneriakan hinaan dan melemparkan telur kepadanya saat bebas. Cho's release has incited public fear and anxiety in South Korea. Gio Shin Ui-jin thu i h Yonei ni rng qu trnh iu tr tm l ho Na-oung rt lu di, m m tiu u tin l thut ph em rng khng phi l li a em, rng " khng phi l li a hu. And he will move back to live near the house of his victims girl. Nayoungs parents have filed a lawsuit against the prosecutor for subjecting their daughter to physical and psychological suffering. this monster should be dead and his wife firmly locked out of any decent society. After the incident, the victim had to live with a bowel pouch on her leg.

Richard Kahn Nz, What Is The Average Teacher Retirement Salary In Texas?, David Rayner Scotsdales, What Is The Difference Between Absolute And Participial Phrases, Articles N